10+ Localcircles Interview Questions and Answers

L2 VPN operates at the data link layer, while L3 VPN operates at the network layer.

• L2 VPN provides layer 2 connectivity between remote sites, while L3 VPN provides layer 3 connectivity.

• L2 VPN uses MAC addresses for forwarding, while L3 VPN uses IP addresses.

• L2 VPN is typically used for connecting LANs, while L3 VPN is used for connecting networks.

• L2 VPN is transparent to the network layer protocols, while L3 VPN requires routing protocols.

• Examples of L2 VPN technologies inclu...read more

Routing involves forwarding data packets between networks, while switching involves forwarding data packets within a network.

• Routing is done between different networks, while switching is done within the same network.

• Routing uses IP addresses to make decisions on where to send data packets, while switching uses MAC addresses.

• Routers are used for routing, while switches are used for switching.

• Routing is more complex and involves making decisions based on network protocols, whi...read more

A /29 subnet mask allows for 6 usable hosts.

• /29 subnet mask has 3 bits for host addresses

• 2^3 - 2 = 6 usable hosts

• The first and last addresses are reserved for network and broadcast respectively

VLAN stands for Virtual Local Area Network, used to logically segment a network for better performance, security, and management.

• VLANs divide a single physical network into multiple virtual networks, improving network efficiency.

• They enhance security by isolating traffic within specific VLANs, preventing unauthorized access.

• VLANs simplify network management by allowing administrators to group devices based on function or department.

• Example: VLAN 10 for finance department, VLA...read more

STP stands for Spanning Tree Protocol. It is a network protocol that prevents loops in a network topology.

• STP is used to prevent broadcast storms and network loops.

• It works by creating a logical tree structure of the network, with one root bridge and multiple branches.

• STP blocks redundant links to prevent loops, but can activate them if the primary link fails.

• STP has different versions, including RSTP and MSTP, which offer faster convergence and better scalability.

• STP is comm...read more

STP stands for Spanning Tree Protocol, a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology in Ethernet networks.

• STP prevents loops in Ethernet networks by blocking redundant paths

• It elects a root bridge to serve as the central point for the network

• STP calculates the shortest path to the root bridge for each switch

• Common variants include RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) and MSTP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol)

India is a diverse country with a rich cultural heritage. Railtel Corporation of India is a public sector enterprise that provides telecom infrastructure services.

• India is the second-most populous country in the world with a population of over 1.3 billion people.

• India is known for its diverse culture, languages, and religions.

• Railtel Corporation of India is a public sector enterprise that provides telecom infrastructure services to the Indian Railways.

• The current CMD of Railt...read more

A switch is a networking device that connects devices within a local area network (LAN) and forwards data packets between them.

• Switch operates at the data link layer of the OSI model

• It uses MAC addresses to forward data to the correct destination

• Switches increase network performance by reducing collisions and segmenting traffic

• Examples of switches include Cisco Catalyst series, Juniper EX series, etc.

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It operates at the network layer of the OSI model.

• Routes data packets between different networks

• Uses IP addresses to determine where to send data packets

• Helps in creating and maintaining a network topology

• Can be configured with access control lists to control traffic flow

Etherchannel is used to increase bandwidth and provide redundancy by bundling multiple physical links into a single logical link.

• Increases bandwidth by combining multiple links into one logical link

• Provides redundancy in case of link failure

• Improves network performance and load balancing

• Supported by various network devices such as switches and routers

Subnetting allows for efficient use of IP addresses and helps in organizing network traffic.

• Subnetting helps in dividing a large network into smaller, more manageable subnetworks.

• It reduces network congestion by limiting broadcast domains.

• Subnetting improves security by isolating different parts of the network.

• It allows for efficient use of IP addresses by allocating them based on network requirements.

• Subnetting helps in optimizing network performance by controlling traffic f...read more

Optical fiber works on the principle of total internal reflection of light.

• Light is transmitted through a core made of glass or plastic

• The core is surrounded by a cladding layer with a lower refractive index

• When light enters the core at an angle greater than the critical angle, it reflects off the cladding and stays within the core

• This allows for high-speed data transmission over long distances

• Examples include fiber optic cables used in telecommunications and internet connect...read more

Yes, I have experience in designing, implementing, and troubleshooting wifi networks.

• Experience in designing wifi networks by determining coverage areas and selecting appropriate equipment

• Implementing wifi networks by configuring routers, switches, access points, and security settings

• Troubleshooting wifi networks by analyzing performance issues, interference, and signal strength

• Knowledge of wifi standards, protocols, and security measures such as WPA2 and AES encryption

My field in engineering is O&M (Operations and Maintenance) Engineering.

• O&M Engineering involves managing and optimizing the operations and maintenance of various systems and equipment.

• It includes tasks such as monitoring performance, troubleshooting issues, conducting preventive maintenance, and implementing improvements.

• Examples of systems that O&M Engineers work with include power plants, manufacturing facilities, water treatment plants, and transportation networks.

• They en...read more

OSI model is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system.

• OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection.

• It has 7 layers, each with a specific function.

• The layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer communicates with the layer above and below it.

• Example: HTTP (Application layer) uses TCP (Transport layer) to establish a connection and trans...read more

OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven abstraction layers.

• OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model

• It is a conceptual framework used to understand how different networking protocols interact with each other

• The model consists of 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application

• Each layer has specific functions a...read more