What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?

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Accepted Answer

Abstraction simplifies complex systems by hiding details, while encapsulation restricts access to an object's data and methods.

Abstraction focuses on exposing only the necessary features of an object, e.g., a car's steering wheel represents driving without showing engine details.
Encapsulation bundles data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit, e.g., a class in OOP that contains attributes and methods.
Abstraction can be achieved using abstract classes and interfaces, while encapsulation is implemented using access modifiers like private and public.
Example of abstraction: A payment system that allows users to pay without knowing the underlying transaction process.
Example of encapsulation: A bank account class that hides the balance and provides methods to deposit and withdraw funds.

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