50+ MSys Tech India Interview Questions and Answers

Determine the minimum number of platforms needed at a railway station so that no train has to wait.

• Sort the arrival and departure times arrays in ascending order.

• Initialize two pointers for arrival and departure times, and a variable to keep track of the maximum number of platforms needed.

• Increment the platform count when a train arrives and decrement when a train departs.

• Update the maximum platform count as needed.

• Return the maximum platform count at the end.

Determine if it is possible to split a string into three non-empty substrings where one is a substring of the other two.

• Check if any substring of the string is a substring of the other two substrings.

• Iterate through all possible divisions of the string into three non-empty substrings.

• Use two pointers to find all possible substrings efficiently.

Determine the maximum amount of money a thief can steal from houses without looting two consecutive houses.

• Create an array 'dp' to store the maximum money that can be stolen up to the i-th house.

• Iterate through the houses and update 'dp' based on whether the current house is stolen or not.

• Return the maximum value in 'dp' as the answer.

Implement a function to find the maximum possible height of a stack of boxes given their dimensions.

• Create all possible rotations of each box to consider all orientations for stacking

• Sort the boxes based on their base dimensions in non-increasing order

• Use dynamic programming to find the maximum height of the stack

The task is to find the minimum number of operations required to create a valid path from node A to node B by reversing edges in a directed graph.

• Iterate through the graph to find the shortest path from node A to node B.

• Use a graph traversal algorithm like BFS or DFS to explore possible paths.

• Track the number of edge reversals needed to reach node B from node A.

• Consider edge directions and reverse them as needed to create a valid path.

• Return the minimum number of edge reversa...read more

Implement a function to process queries on a binary matrix by flipping elements and counting zeros in rows/columns.

• Create a binary matrix with all elements initialized to 0.

• Process queries of type 1 by flipping elements in the specified row/column.

• Process queries of type 2 by counting the number of zeros in the specified row/column.

• Return the count of zeros for type 2 queries.

• Ensure to handle the constraints provided in the problem statement.

The task is to find the length of the longest increasing path in a matrix starting from a given cell.

• Create a recursive function to explore all possible paths from the starting cell, keeping track of the length of each path.

• Use dynamic programming to avoid redundant calculations and optimize the solution.

• At each cell, check if moving to the right or down is possible and leads to an increasing path.

• Update the length of the longest increasing path found so far as you explore di...read more

The problem involves determining the lexicographic permutation rank of a distinct string.

• Iterate through all permutations of the string and compare with the given string to determine the rank.

• Use a recursive function to generate all permutations of the string.

• Keep track of the count of permutations smaller than the given string to determine the rank.

Designed a scalable system for Pastebin with various requirements.

• Implemented a distributed system architecture to handle high traffic and ensure reliability.

• Used load balancing techniques to evenly distribute incoming requests across multiple servers.

• Implemented data sharding to partition data across multiple databases for efficient storage and retrieval.

• Utilized caching mechanisms to improve performance and reduce latency.

• Implemented access control mechanisms to ensure data...read more

Implement a calculator class with chaining methods and delay function.

• Create a Calculator class with add, sub, mul methods that return the instance of the class.

• Implement a delay method that uses setTimeout and returns the instance of the class.

• Use a queue to store the operations and execute them in order after the delay.

• Return the result of the operations when the equals method is called.

The question asks to link up all nodes present in the same level of a binary search tree using the next pointer.

• Traverse the tree level by level using a queue

• For each level, create a linked list by connecting the nodes using the next pointer

• Use a dummy node to keep track of the start of the linked list for each level

The question asks for the length of the longest absolute directory path string and how to optimize it.

• Use a depth-first search (DFS) algorithm to traverse the directory structure

• Maintain a stack to keep track of the current path length

• Keep updating the maximum path length encountered

• Consider the length of each directory/file name and the length of the path separators

Effective paging techniques help reduce page faults, which are counted by tracking the number of times a page is accessed from disk.

• Implementing LRU (Least Recently Used) algorithm to replace the page that has not been used for the longest time.

• Using FIFO (First In, First Out) algorithm to replace the oldest page in memory.

• Utilizing optimal page replacement algorithm to replace the page that will not be used for the longest time in the future.

• Counting page faults by tracking ...read more

Design a system to find the millionth person liking a particular comment.

• Use a database to store the likes for each comment

• Implement a counter to keep track of the number of likes for each comment

• Use a caching mechanism to improve performance

• Consider sharding or partitioning the data for scalability

• Implement a search algorithm to find the millionth person

Simulate Write-Back Cache using two python dictionaries with dirty bit and LRU flushing technique.

• Create two dictionaries, one for cache data and one for dirty bit tracking.

• Implement LRU flushing technique to remove least recently used data when cache is full.

• Set dirty bit to mark data that has been modified and needs to be written back to main memory.

• Update dirty bit when data is modified and track which data needs to be written back.

• Flush dirty data back to main memory when...read more

Design a thread-safe implementation of HashMap.

• Use synchronized methods or locks to ensure mutual exclusion.

• Consider using ConcurrentHashMap instead of HashMap.

• Use volatile keyword for variables accessed by multiple threads.

• Avoid using iterators as they may cause ConcurrentModificationException.

• Use atomic operations for read-modify-write operations.

• Consider using immutable keys to avoid synchronization issues.

Debugging a code of Dining Philosopher Problem

• Check for deadlock conditions

• Ensure that each philosopher can only pick up two forks at a time

• Implement a solution using semaphores or monitors

• Consider using a timeout mechanism to prevent deadlock

• Test the code with different scenarios to identify and fix any issues

The kernel is the core of an operating system that manages system resources. Storage components in a computer include hard drives, SSDs, and RAM.

• The kernel is responsible for managing system resources such as CPU, memory, and input/output devices.

• Storage components in a computer include hard drives, solid-state drives (SSDs), and random access memory (RAM).

• The kernel acts as a bridge between software and hardware, allowing applications to interact with the computer's hardware...read more

When you search Google, it retrieves relevant information from its index and displays results based on the search query.

• Google retrieves information from its index of web pages

• Results are displayed based on relevance to the search query

• Search results may include websites, images, videos, news articles, and more

There are three types of waits in Selenium: Implicit Wait, Explicit Wait, and Fluent Wait.

• Implicit Wait: Waits for a certain amount of time before throwing an exception if the element is not found.

• Explicit Wait: Waits for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further in the code.

• Fluent Wait: Waits for a certain condition to occur with a defined frequency before proceeding further in the code.

A URL shortener is a tool that takes a long URL and creates a shorter, easier-to-share link.

• Generate a unique short code for each URL

• Store the short code and original URL in a database

• Redirect users from the short URL to the original URL

• Track clicks and analytics for each short URL

The OSI model is a conceptual model that describes how data is transmitted over a network.

• The OSI model has 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has a specific function and communicates with the layers above and below it.

• The Physical layer deals with the physical transmission of data, while the Application layer deals with user interfaces and application-level protocols.

• An example of a protocol that operates at t...read more

Selenium 4 has new features like improved W3C support, relative locators, and better error handling.

• Improved W3C support for better browser compatibility

• Relative locators for easier element location

• Better error handling with detailed error messages

• New APIs for easier browser automation

• Support for Chromium-based Edge browser

• Integration with DevTools Protocol for better debugging

Generate the first 50 prime numbers

• Start with the first prime number, 2

• Use a loop to check for prime numbers by dividing each number by all numbers less than it

• Keep track of the prime numbers found until you have 50

My driving force is to create impactful solutions that solve real-world problems.

• I am motivated by the opportunity to make a positive impact on society

• I enjoy the challenge of solving complex problems

• I am driven by the desire to continuously improve and innovate

• I am passionate about technology and its potential to improve people's lives

IP assignment process involves allocating unique IP addresses to devices on a network.

• IP addresses are assigned by a DHCP server or manually by a network administrator

• IP addresses can be assigned dynamically or statically

• IP addresses must be unique within a network

• IPv4 addresses are 32-bit and IPv6 addresses are 128-bit

GRE and IPSEC are both protocols used for secure communication over networks, but they have different purposes and implementations.

• GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) is a tunneling protocol used to encapsulate a wide variety of network layer protocols inside virtual point-to-point links. It does not provide encryption or authentication.

• IPSEC (Internet Protocol Security) is a suite of protocols used to secure Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and encrypt...read more

High level design refers to overall architecture while low level design focuses on specific implementation details.

• High level design involves defining system architecture and components

• Low level design includes detailed design of individual modules or components

• Example: High level design may include choosing a database system, while low level design may involve designing database tables and queries

Use the kill command with the child process ID to terminate it

• Find the child process ID using tools like ps or pgrep

• Use the kill command with the appropriate signal (e.g. SIGTERM, SIGKILL) and the child process ID

• Example: kill -9

Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details and exposing only necessary information.

• Encapsulation is achieved through access modifiers like public, private, and protected.

• It helps in achieving data abstraction and information hiding.

• Encapsulation provides better control over the data and prevents unauthorized access.

• Example: A class with private variables and public methods to access them.

DBMS is a software system that manages databases, while Excel is a spreadsheet program used for data analysis and visualization.

• DBMS is used to store, retrieve, and manage data in a structured format, while Excel is used for data analysis and visualization.

• DBMS allows for multiple users to access and manipulate data simultaneously, while Excel is typically used by a single user at a time.

• DBMS supports complex queries and transactions, while Excel is more limited in its capabi...read more

Linux commands are used to interact with the operating system through the command line interface.

• Commands are case-sensitive

• Most commands have options and arguments that can be used to customize their behavior

• Common commands include ls (list files), cd (change directory), mkdir (make directory), rm (remove files), and more

Find the second largest number in an array of strings.

• Convert the array of strings to an array of integers for comparison.

• Sort the array in descending order and return the second element.

• Handle cases where there may be duplicates of the largest number.

An operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and provides services for computer programs.

• Manages computer hardware resources such as CPU, memory, and storage

• Provides a user interface for interacting with the computer

• Supports running applications and managing processes

• Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android

awk and sed are powerful text processing tools in Linux.

• awk is used for pattern scanning and processing

• sed is used for text stream editing

• Both can be used in combination to manipulate text files

• Example: awk '{print $1}' file.txt

• Example: sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt

HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that encrypts data transmitted between a website and a user's browser.

• HTTPS uses SSL/TLS encryption to secure data transmission

• HTTP sends data in plain text, making it vulnerable to interception

• HTTPS is indicated by a padlock icon in the browser's address bar

• Websites that handle sensitive information like banking or shopping use HTTPS

I am aware of various e-learning authoring tools such as Articulate Storyline, Adobe Captivate, and Camtasia.

• Articulate Storyline

• Adobe Captivate

• Camtasia

DHCP protocol is used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network.

• DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

• It allows devices to obtain IP addresses and other network configuration information dynamically

• DHCP servers assign IP addresses to devices for a specific lease period

• DHCP reduces the need for manual configuration of network settings

• Example: When you connect to a Wi-Fi network, DHCP assigns your device an IP address

NAT is needed to allow multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address.

• NAT helps conserve public IP addresses by allowing multiple devices on a private network to communicate with the internet using a single public IP address.

• NAT provides an additional layer of security by hiding the internal IP addresses of devices on the private network from external sources.

• NAT allows for easier management of IP addresses within a network by simplifying the routin...read more

DNS is a system that translates domain names to IP addresses, while DHCP is a protocol that assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.

• DNS stands for Domain Name System and is used to translate domain names like www.example.com to IP addresses like 192.168.1.1.

• DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.

• DNS helps users access websites using easy-to-remember domain names, while DHCP simplifies network adm...read more

Deadlocks occur when two or more processes are waiting for each other to release resources, resulting in a standstill.

• Deadlocks involve a circular wait, where each process is waiting for a resource held by another process.

• Four conditions must be met for a deadlock to occur: mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, and circular wait.

• Examples of deadlocks include a printer waiting for a computer to release a file, while the computer is waiting for the printer to finish p...read more