80+ Nokia Networks Interview Questions and Answers

Global variables can be accessed from any part of the program while static variables are limited to the scope they are declared in.

• Global variables are declared outside of any function while static variables are declared inside a function with the static keyword.

• Global variables can be modified by any part of the program while static variables retain their value even after the function they are declared in has finished executing.

• Global variables can lead to naming conflicts a...read more

A function pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of a function.

• Function pointers can be used to pass functions as arguments to other functions.

• Syntax: return_type (*pointer_name)(parameter_list);

• Example: int (*func_ptr)(int, int) = &add;

• Example: int result = (*func_ptr)(2, 3);

Forecasting, budgeting, contract and controlling are essential skills for a Financial Project Controller.

• Forecasting involves predicting future financial outcomes based on historical data and current trends.

• Budgeting involves creating a financial plan for a specific period of time, usually a year, and allocating resources accordingly.

• Contract management involves ensuring that all parties involved in a project adhere to the terms of the contract.

• Controlling involves monitoring...read more

EWGB is not a known acronym or term in the field of FM BSS engineering.

• EWGB is not a commonly used term in the field of FM BSS engineering

• It is possible that the interviewer misspoke or meant to ask a different question

• It is important to clarify any unclear or unfamiliar terms in an interview setting

The number of mux used in Nokia varies depending on the specific product and network configuration.

• The number of mux used in Nokia can range from a few to several hundred depending on the network size and complexity.

• Different Nokia products may use different types and numbers of mux.

• The number of mux used may also depend on the specific network configuration and requirements.

• For example, Nokia's Wavence microwave transmission solution can support up to 16 radio channels per a...read more

Program to implement a linked list with Add, delete, count and modify API features.

• Create a Node class with data and next pointer

• Create a LinkedList class with methods to add, delete, count and modify nodes

• Use a head pointer to keep track of the first node

• For add and modify, traverse the list to find the node to add/modify

• For delete, traverse the list to find the node to delete and update the next pointers

• For count, traverse the list and increment a counter variable

Wifi routers use radio waves to transmit data wirelessly, while optical fibers use light to transmit data through glass fibers.

• Wifi routers use a wireless access point to connect devices to the internet

• Radio waves are used to transmit data between the router and devices

• Optical fibers use glass fibers to transmit data using light signals

• Fiber optic cables are used for high-speed internet and long-distance communication

• Both technologies are used for internet connectivity and da...read more

The question asks about interfaces, architecture, KPIs, and protocols related to Nokia BTS, CSSB, SRVCC, and 2G/3G/LTE.

• Nokia BTS interfaces include Abis, Ater, and A, while CSSB interfaces include S1, X2, and S3

• Architecture of Nokia BTS includes Baseband Unit (BBU) and Remote Radio Head (RRH)

• Telecom KPIs include Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR), Call Drop Rate (CDR), and Handover Success Rate (HOSR)

• Locally and remotely integration process involves configuring the BTS and connec...read more

ECI MUX is a multi-service access platform used for aggregation and transport of voice, data, and video services.

• ECI MUX is used in telecommunications networks to aggregate and transport multiple services over a single network infrastructure.

• It supports various interfaces such as TDM, Ethernet, and ATM.

• ECI MUX can be used for applications such as mobile backhaul, business services, and residential broadband.

• It provides high availability and reliability with redundant power su...read more

NEC IP equipment includes various types of hardware used for communication and networking purposes.

• NEC IP equipment includes IP phones, routers, switches, and servers.

• These devices are used for voice and data communication, network management, and security.

• Examples of NEC IP equipment include the UNIVERGE SV9100, SL2100, and DT800 series IP phones.

• NEC IP equipment is designed to be scalable and flexible to meet the needs of businesses of all sizes.

• NEC IP equipment is known fo...read more

Huawei equipment includes routers, switches, access points, and more for telecommunications networks.

• Huawei routers are used for routing data packets between computer networks.

• Huawei switches are used for connecting devices within a network.

• Huawei access points are used for providing wireless network access.

• Huawei also offers network security equipment such as firewalls and intrusion prevention systems.

• Examples of Huawei equipment include the AR Series routers, S Series switc...read more

RRI stands for Radio Resource Index. It is a parameter used in GSM networks to measure the quality of radio resources.

• RRI is used to determine the quality of radio resources in GSM networks

• It is a parameter that is calculated based on the number of timeslots available and the number of active users

• RRI is used to allocate radio resources efficiently and avoid congestion

• A low RRI value indicates congestion and poor call quality, while a high RRI value indicates good call qualit...read more

SDH stands for Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. It is a standard for transmitting digital signals over optical fiber networks.

• SDH is used for high-speed communication in telecommunications networks.

• It is a synchronous system, meaning that all devices are synchronized to a common clock signal.

• SDH uses a hierarchical structure of containers and frames to transport data.

• It provides error checking and correction to ensure data integrity.

• SDH is being replaced by newer technologies s...read more

MIMO stands for Multiple Input Multiple Output. It is a wireless communication technology that uses multiple antennas to improve signal quality.

• MIMO uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve signal quality and increase data rates.

• It works by transmitting multiple data streams simultaneously over the same frequency band.

• MIMO is used in many wireless communication standards, including Wi-Fi, LTE, and 5G.

• Examples of MIMO technologies include 2x2 MIMO...read more

fxjb is not a known acronym or term in the field of FM BSS engineering.

• There is no known definition or context for fxjb in FM BSS engineering.

• It is possible that the interviewer may have misspoken or meant to ask a different question.

• It is important to clarify any unclear or unfamiliar terms in an interview setting.

SRAN stands for Single Radio Access Network, a technology used in mobile networks to combine multiple radio access technologies into a single network.

• SRAN allows for seamless handover between different radio access technologies, such as 2G, 3G, and 4G.

• It enables operators to optimize network resources and improve network efficiency.

• SRAN is a key component of Huawei's mobile network solutions.

• Examples of SRAN products include the Huawei SingleRAN Pro and the Huawei LampSite so...read more

TDD stands for Test Driven Development. It is a software development process that relies on writing tests before writing the actual code.

• TDD involves writing a failing test case first, then writing the code to pass the test.

• It helps in ensuring that the code is working as expected and reduces the chances of bugs.

• TDD also helps in improving the design of the code and makes it more modular and maintainable.

• Functions are blocks of code that perform a specific task and can be reu...read more

AS7 card is a type of interface card used in telecom equipment for connecting to the backplane.

• AS7 card is used in telecom equipment for connecting to the backplane

• It provides interface for various types of signals such as voice, data and control signals

• AS7 card is commonly used in BSS (Base Station Subsystem) equipment for connecting to the BTS (Base Transceiver Station)

RSSI stands for Received Signal Strength Indicator and is a measurement of the power level of a received radio signal.

• RSSI is commonly used in wireless communication systems to determine the quality of the signal being received.

• It is usually measured in decibels (dB) and can be used to estimate the distance between the transmitter and receiver.

• A higher RSSI value indicates a stronger signal, while a lower value indicates a weaker signal.

• RSSI can be affected by various factors...read more

XML is a markup language used for storing and transporting data.

• XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language

• It uses tags to define elements and attributes to provide additional information

• XML is commonly used for data exchange between different systems and applications

• Examples of XML applications include RSS feeds, SOAP web services, and XHTML web pages

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

• Routers connect multiple networks together

• They use routing tables to determine the best path for data packets

• Routers can be used in homes, businesses, and on the internet

• Examples of routers include Cisco, Netgear, and TP-Link

tsdb stands for Time Series Database, used for storing and retrieving time series data.

• tsdb is optimized for handling large amounts of time-stamped data

• It allows for efficient querying and analysis of time series data

• Examples of tsdb include InfluxDB, OpenTSDB, and Prometheus

fzhn is not a known acronym or abbreviation in the field of FM BSS engineering.

• There is no known meaning or context for fzhn in FM BSS engineering.

• It is possible that the interviewer made a mistake or was testing the candidate's ability to handle unexpected questions.

• The candidate can politely ask for clarification or context if they are unsure how to answer.

TSGb stands for Technical Specification Group on Base Station System and its responsible for developing standards for base station systems.

• TSGb is a group within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)

• It is responsible for developing standards for base station systems

• TSGb works on topics such as radio frequency, power consumption, and network architecture

• The standards developed by TSGb ensure interoperability between different manufacturers' base station systems

Pointers program and differences between references and pointers

• Pointers are variables that store memory addresses

• References are aliases for existing variables

• Pointers can be reassigned to point to different memory locations

• References cannot be reassigned to refer to a different variable

• Pointers require dereferencing to access the value they point to

• References automatically dereference when accessed

Program for binary search algorithm

• Sort the array in ascending order

• Set the lower and upper bounds of the search range

• Calculate the middle index of the search range

• Compare the middle element with the target value

• If the middle element is equal to the target value, return its index

• If the middle element is greater than the target value, search the left half of the range

• If the middle element is less than the target value, search the right half of the range

• Repeat until the target ...read more

Group switch is used to control multiple devices simultaneously.

• Group switch allows for easy and efficient control of multiple devices at once.

• It can be used to turn on/off lights, fans, and other appliances in a room or area.

• Group switch can also be used to set timers and schedules for devices.

• It simplifies the process of managing multiple devices and saves time and effort.

• Group switch is commonly used in smart home automation systems.

No, not everyone learned dotnet language.

• Not everyone in the team may have learned dotnet language.

• Some team members may have expertise in other programming languages.

• It is common for teams to have a mix of skills and knowledge.

• The team may have individuals with experience in Java, Python, or other languages.

An optimised prime number program is required for Senior Software Engineer position.

• Use Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm for better performance.

• Start with 2 as the first prime number and eliminate all its multiples.

• Continue eliminating multiples of primes until the desired range is reached.

• Use bitwise operations for faster calculations.

• Consider using multi-threading for larger ranges.

The question is unclear. Please provide more context.

• Please provide more information about the card in question.

• Is it a hardware card or a software card?

• What is the specific function of the card?

• Without more information, it is impossible to answer the question.

BCSU stands for Base Station Control Unit. It is responsible for controlling and managing the radio resources of a base station.

• BCSU is a key component of a base station in a cellular network.

• It manages the radio resources of the base station, including frequency and power allocation.

• BCSU communicates with other network elements such as the MSC and BTS.

• It is responsible for call setup, handover, and other network functions.

• Examples of BCSUs include Ericsson's RBS 6000 series ...read more

The previous setup was designed with a focus on fault tolerance and scalability.

• The architecture was based on a distributed system with multiple nodes.

• Load balancing was implemented to ensure even distribution of traffic.

• Redundancy was built in at every level to prevent single points of failure.

• Monitoring and alerting systems were in place to quickly identify and address any issues.

• Examples of technologies used include Kubernetes, Docker, and AWS services.

FRGU module is responsible for generating frequency reference signals for base station equipment.

• FRGU stands for Frequency Reference Generator Unit.

• It generates frequency reference signals for base station equipment.

• It ensures that all the equipment in the base station is synchronized to the same frequency.

• FRGU module is an important component in ensuring the quality of the cellular network.

• Examples of FRGU modules include the Nokia FRGU and Ericsson FRGU.

The fxef module is responsible for handling the exchange of data between the BSS and the MSC.

• The fxef module is a key component in the BSS architecture.

• It is responsible for handling the exchange of data between the BSS and the MSC.

• It ensures that the data is properly formatted and transmitted between the two systems.

• Examples of data that may be exchanged include call setup and teardown messages, billing information, and network status updates.

A combiner is a device that combines multiple signals into a single output.

• Combiners are used in radio frequency (RF) systems to combine signals from multiple transmitters onto a single antenna.

• They can also be used in distributed antenna systems (DAS) to combine signals from multiple antennas into a single output.

• Combiners can be passive or active, and can operate at different frequencies depending on the application.

• Examples of combiners include power dividers, hybrid coupl...read more

MCMU stands for Main Control and Monitoring Unit. It is a critical component in a BSS system.

• MCMU is responsible for controlling and monitoring various subsystems in a BSS system.

• It receives and processes data from different sources and provides real-time information to the operator.

• MCMU also performs fault detection and isolation, and initiates corrective actions if necessary.

• Examples of subsystems that MCMU controls and monitors include power supply, cooling, and alarms.

• MCM...read more

The time duration for this dotnet project is 6 months.

• The project is estimated to take 6 months to complete.

• The duration may vary depending on the complexity of the project and available resources.

• It is important to consider factors such as development, testing, and deployment time.

• Regular progress tracking and milestone setting can help ensure timely completion.

Telecom refers to communication over a distance using technology, while network refers to interconnected devices sharing resources and information.

• Telecom involves transmitting data over long distances using various technologies like telephone lines, satellites, and fiber optics.

• Network refers to a group of interconnected devices that can communicate and share resources, such as computers, servers, and printers.

• Telecom is essential for establishing communication links between...read more

A metro hub is a central location where multiple metro lines intersect and passengers can transfer between them.

• Metro hubs are designed to facilitate easy and efficient transfer between different metro lines.

• They often have multiple levels or platforms to accommodate different lines.

• Metro hubs may also have amenities such as shops, restaurants, and restrooms for passengers.

• Examples of metro hubs include Grand Central Terminal in New York City and Shinjuku Station in Tokyo.

• The...read more

CGR stands for Cost Growth Rate and CTC stands for Cost to Company.

• CGR is a measure of the rate at which costs are increasing over time.

• CTC is the total cost incurred by a company to employ an individual.

• CGR is used to track project costs and identify potential cost overruns.

• CTC includes salary, benefits, and other expenses associated with employment.

• CGR and CTC are important metrics for financial project controllers to monitor.

Nokia Internet refers to the internet services and capabilities provided by Nokia on their devices.

• Nokia Internet allows users to browse the web, access email, and use various online services on Nokia devices.

• It includes features such as web browsing, email access, social media apps, and online shopping.

• Nokia Internet may also include features like GPS navigation, online music streaming, and video calling.

• Nokia Internet services are designed to work seamlessly with Nokia devi...read more

PRACH stands for Physical Random Access Channel. It is used in wireless communication to establish initial connection between devices.

• PRACH is a channel used in wireless communication systems like LTE and 5G.

• It is used to establish the initial connection between the user equipment (UE) and the base station (BS).

• PRACH is a random access channel, which means that multiple devices can access it simultaneously.

• It is used to transmit short control messages, such as requests for co...read more

Different interfaces have different protocols and names.

• USB (Universal Serial Bus)

• HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface)

• Ethernet

• Bluetooth

• Wi-Fi

dotnet language datatypes include primitive types, reference types, and value types.

• Primitive types include int, float, bool, and char.

• Reference types include classes, interfaces, and delegates.

• Value types include structs and enumerations.

LTE and 5G NR have different architecture components.

• LTE has evolved packet core (EPC) and radio access network (RAN) components

• 5G NR has next-generation core (NGC) and RAN components

• Both LTE and 5G NR have similar RAN components such as base stations and antennas

• 5G NR introduces new RAN components such as massive MIMO and beamforming

• Both LTE and 5G NR have similar core network components such as mobility management entity (MME) and serving gateway (SGW)

• 5G NR introduces new c...read more

Shell scripting is a way to automate tasks by writing scripts in a shell language like Bash.

• Shell scripting allows for automating repetitive tasks in a Unix/Linux environment.

• Scripts can be written to execute commands, perform system administration tasks, and more.

• Examples include writing a script to backup files, automate software installations, or monitor system resources.

Program to identify prime numbers

• Iterate through numbers from 2 to n-1

• Check if n is divisible by any number other than 1 and itself

• If not divisible, n is a prime number

Python code to reverse a string

• Use slicing to reverse the string

• Example: input_string = 'hello', reversed_string = input_string[::-1]

Telecomm refers to the transmission of information over long distances using electronic means.

• Telecomm stands for telecommunications.

• It involves the transmission of voice, data, and video over long distances.

• Telecomm technologies include telephone networks, internet, satellite communication, etc.

• It enables communication between individuals, businesses, and organizations across the globe.

• Examples of telecomm companies include AT&T, Verizon, and Vodafone.

Telecom refers to communication over a distance using various technologies, while a network is a collection of interconnected devices that can communicate with each other.

• Telecom involves transmitting data over long distances using technologies like telephone lines, fiber optics, and satellites

• Network refers to a collection of devices like computers, servers, and routers that are connected to each other to share resources and communicate

• Telecom networks enable communication b...read more

Capacity planning for Barematel involves analyzing current usage and predicting future demand to ensure adequate resources are available.

• Analyze current usage patterns

• Predict future demand based on growth projections

• Ensure adequate resources are available to meet demand

• Consider factors such as hardware, software, and network capacity

• Regularly review and adjust capacity planning as needed

Call flow for LTE and 5G scenarios involves several steps including authentication, connection establishment, and data transfer.

• UE sends a request to connect to the network

• Network authenticates the UE and assigns it an IP address

• UE establishes a connection with the network

• UE sends data to the network

• Network processes the data and sends it to the destination

• In 5G, network slicing and virtualization are used to optimize the call flow

IoT stands for Internet of Things, which refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity.

• IoT enables devices to collect and exchange data over the internet.

• It allows for remote monitoring, control, and automation of various devices and systems.

• Examples include smart homes, wearable devices, industrial automation, and smart cities.

• IoT has the potential to improve efficiency, convenience, and d...read more

Multi node architecture refers to a system where multiple nodes work together to perform tasks and share resources.

• Involves multiple nodes connected to a central server or each other

• Allows for distributed computing and load balancing

• Common in cloud computing and big data applications

Barematel is not a commonly used deployment tool in fault management.

• Barematel is not a popular choice for deployment in fault management.

• Other tools like Ansible, Puppet, and Chef are more commonly used.

• Barematel may be used in specific cases, but it is not widely adopted.

• It is important to have knowledge of multiple deployment tools to be an effective fault management specialist.

IP subnetting is the process of dividing a network into smaller subnetworks for improved performance and security.

• IP subnetting involves dividing a larger network into smaller subnetworks called subnets.

• It helps in improving network performance by reducing congestion and improving efficiency.

• Subnetting also enhances network security by isolating different parts of the network.

• Subnet masks are used to determine which part of an IP address belongs to the network and which part ...read more

State Bank of India (SBI) was launched in the 19th century.

• SBI was established on July 1, 1955, but its roots can be traced back to the early 19th century.

• The Bank of Calcutta, which later became the Bank of Bengal, was one of the predecessors of SBI and was established in 1806.

• The Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras were also established in the 19th century and later merged with the Bank of Bengal to form the Imperial Bank of India, which eventually became SBI.

Reverse a string using array of characters

• Convert the string to an array of characters

• Use a loop to iterate through the array in reverse order

• Append each character to a new string to form the reversed string

SBI stands for State Bank of India, which is a leading public sector bank in India.

• SBI is the largest public sector bank in India

• It offers a wide range of financial products and services including credit cards

• SBI has a large network of branches and ATMs across the country

Call flow 4G refers to the sequence of events that occur during a voice or data call in a 4G network.

• The user initiates a call or data session.

• The device sends a request to the nearest base station.

• The base station forwards the request to the core network.

• The core network authenticates the user and assigns an IP address.

• The call or data session is established and data is transmitted.

• When the call or session is complete, the connection is terminated.

Call flow of 4G and 5G SA involves registration, authentication, connection establishment, and data transfer.

• 4G Call Flow: Attach request -> Authentication -> Security setup -> Connection establishment -> Data transfer

• 5G SA Call Flow: Registration request -> Authentication -> Security setup -> Connection establishment -> Data transfer

Reverse a linked list by changing the next pointers of each node

• Initialize three pointers: prev = null, current = head, next = null

• Iterate through the linked list, updating next to current's next, current's next to prev, and moving prev and current pointers forward

• Return the new head, which is the last node visited

Creating a thread in a process involves allocating resources for a new thread to run concurrently with other threads.

• Use threading libraries like pthreads in C or java.util.concurrent in Java

• Create a new thread object and pass a function or method to be executed by the thread

• Start the thread to begin execution

• Join the thread to wait for it to finish before continuing

To handle the problem, it is important to identify the root cause, develop a plan, implement corrective actions, and monitor the effectiveness of the solution.

• Identify the root cause of the problem through data analysis and investigation.

• Develop a plan to address the problem, including setting objectives and defining actions.

• Implement corrective actions, ensuring proper communication and coordination with relevant stakeholders.

• Monitor the effectiveness of the solution through...read more

SBI stands for State Bank of India, which is a leading public sector bank in India.

• SBI is the largest bank in India in terms of assets, deposits, branches, customers, and employees.

• It offers a wide range of financial products and services, including credit cards.

• SBI credit cards come with various benefits such as reward points, cashback, and discounts on shopping and travel.

• The bank has a strong presence both in urban and rural areas of India.

Topology is the arrangement of various elements in a network, defining how they are connected and communicate with each other.

• Topology determines the physical or logical layout of a network.

• Common topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid.

• Examples: In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single cable. In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub.

• Topology influences factors like network performance, scalability, and fault tolerance.

LOA stands for Leave of Absence.

• LOA is a period of time when an employee is granted permission to be away from work.

• It can be paid or unpaid depending on the company's policy.

• LOA can be taken for various reasons such as personal or medical issues, family emergencies, or military service.

• The length of LOA can vary from a few days to several months.

• During LOA, the employee's job is protected and they are entitled to return to their position or a similar one upon their return.

A function in Python is a block of reusable code that performs a specific task when called.

• Functions are defined using the 'def' keyword followed by the function name and parentheses containing any parameters.

• Functions can return a value using the 'return' keyword.

• Functions can be called by using the function name followed by parentheses containing any arguments.

• Example: def greet(name): print('Hello, ' + name) greet('Alice')

• Example: def add(a, b): return a + b result = add(3...read more

IMS Architecture is a network architecture used in telecommunications systems.

• IMS stands for IP Multimedia Subsystem

• It is used to provide multimedia services such as voice, video, and messaging over IP networks

• It consists of various network elements such as Call Session Control Function (CSCF), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), and Media Resource Function (MRF)

• IMS architecture is based on the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)

• It enables the integration of different communication s...read more

I am comfortable working different shifts and have experience doing so.

• Have previous experience working various shifts

• Adapt well to changing schedules

• Can handle working nights, weekends, and holidays if needed

To find if a bit is set, use bitwise AND operator with the bit position

• Use bitwise AND operator (&) with the bit position to check if it is set

• If the result is greater than 0, then the bit is set

• Example: Check if 3rd bit is set in binary number 1010 - (1010 & 0100) = 0100 (4), so 3rd bit is set

LTE architecture is a network of various components that work together to provide high-speed wireless communication.

• The architecture consists of User Equipment (UE), Evolved NodeB (eNodeB), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving Gateway (SGW), Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW), and Home Subscriber Server (HSS).

• UE is the device used by the user to access the network.

• eNodeB is the base station that communicates with the UE.

• MME is responsible for managing the signaling betwee...read more

TR-69 is a technical specification for remote management of customer-premises equipment (CPE) connected to an Internet Protocol (IP) network.

• TR-69 stands for Technical Report 069.

• It is used for remote management of CPE devices such as modems, routers, set-top boxes, etc.

• TR-69 defines a protocol for communication between CPE devices and Auto Configuration Servers (ACS).

TR-143 is a technical report that defines a standard for remote management of customer-premises equipment (CPE) in broadband networks.

• TR-143 stands for Technical Report 143

• It is published by the Broadband Forum

• TR-143 defines a standard for remote management of CPE in broadband networks

• It specifies parameters and procedures for monitoring and managing CPE devices remotely

The formula in Excel is used to perform calculations or manipulate data in a cell.

• Formulas in Excel always start with an equal sign (=)

• Common functions include SUM, AVERAGE, IF, VLOOKUP, etc.

• Cell references can be absolute (e.g. $A$1) or relative (e.g. A1)

• Operators like +, -, *, / are used for calculations

• Examples: =SUM(A1:A10), =IF(B1>10, "Yes", "No")

Components usage refers to the utilization of various parts or elements in the production process.

• Components usage is an important aspect of production and quality engineering.

• It involves determining the appropriate components to be used in the manufacturing process.

• Components can include raw materials, sub-assemblies, or finished parts.

• The usage of components affects the quality, cost, and efficiency of the production process.

• Proper documentation and tracking of component us...read more