What is abstraction, inheritance and polymorphism. Explain each one in detail.

Question

Accepted Answer

Abstraction, inheritance and polymorphism are three fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming.

Abstraction is the process of hiding complex implementation details and providing a simplified interface for the user.
Inheritance is the mechanism by which one class acquires the properties and behavior of another class.
Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were objects of the same class.
Abstraction, inheritance and polymorphism are closely related and often used together to create efficient and flexible software systems.
For example, a car can be abstracted as a machine with a set of inputs (gas pedal, brake pedal, steering wheel) and outputs (speed, direction). A sports car can inherit properties and behavior from a base car class, and polymorphism can be used to treat different types of cars (sports car, sedan, SUV) as if they were all just cars.

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