Navikenz India Data Science Intern Interview Questions and Answers

All coding questions were ad hoc

Q1. Leetcode questions were asked
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Q2. A question about cache memory was asked
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Q1. Give a brief about yourself.
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Q2. Salary Expectation and earliest joining date
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Q1. Brief about a project worked in the company.
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Q2. What is Data Leakage?
Ans. 
Data leakage occurs when information from outside the training dataset is used to create a model, leading to unrealistic performance.
• Occurs when information that would not be available in a real-world scenario is used in the model training process

• Can result in overly optimistic performance metrics for the model

• Examples include using future data, target leakage, and data preprocessing errors
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Q3. What is Encoder Decoder? What is a Transformer model and explain its architecture?
Ans. 
Encoder Decoder is a neural network architecture used for sequence-to-sequence tasks. Transformer model is a type of neural network architecture that relies entirely on self-attention mechanisms.
• Encoder Decoder is commonly used in machine translation tasks where the input sequence is encoded into a fixed-length vector representation by the encoder and then decoded into the target sequence by the decoder.

• Transformer mod...read more
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Q4. Name some Deep learning models?
Ans. 
Deep learning models include CNN, RNN, LSTM, GAN, and Transformer.
• Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) - used for image recognition tasks

• Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) - used for sequential data like time series

• Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) - a type of RNN with memory cells

• Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) - used for generating new data samples

• Transformer - used for natural language processing tasks
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Q5. What is Regularization in machine learning?
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Regularization is a technique used in machine learning to prevent overfitting by adding a penalty term to the model's loss function.
• Regularization helps to reduce the complexity of the model by penalizing large coefficients.

• It adds a penalty term to the loss function, which discourages the model from fitting the training data too closely.

• Common types of regularization include L1 (Lasso) and L2 (Ridge) regularization.

• Re...read more
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Q6. What is Model Quantization?
Ans. 
Model quantization is the process of reducing the precision of the weights and activations of a neural network model to improve efficiency.
• Reduces memory usage and speeds up inference by using fewer bits to represent numbers

• Can be applied to both weights and activations in a neural network model

• Examples include converting 32-bit floating point numbers to 8-bit integers
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Q1. Remove duplicates from array
Ans. 
Remove duplicates from array of strings
• Use a Set data structure to store unique elements

• Convert the array to a Set to remove duplicates

• Convert the Set back to an array if needed
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Q2. Window function
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Q1. Spark optimizations
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Q2. Pyspark quetions
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Check whether a string is a valid parenthesis or not.

Q1. About projects and explain ML or DL algorithms.
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Q2. More questions about latest technologies and deep questions about algorithms.
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Q1. Projects and ML DL.
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Q2. Few things from deployment.
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Q1. Salary discussion and joining date confirmation.
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Q1. How do you choose an ML algorithm basis the data given
Ans. 
ML algorithm selection is based on data characteristics, problem type, and desired outcomes.
• Understand the problem type (classification, regression, clustering, etc.)

• Consider the size and quality of the data

• Evaluate the complexity of the model and interpretability requirements

• Choose algorithms based on their strengths and weaknesses for the specific task

• Experiment with multiple algorithms and compare their performance

• F...read more
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Q1. How do u optimise a ML model How good are you in coding with Python. Rate yourself
Ans. 
To optimize a ML model, one can tune hyperparameters, feature engineering, cross-validation, ensemble methods, and regularization techniques.
• Tune hyperparameters using techniques like grid search or random search

• Perform feature engineering to create new features or select relevant features

• Utilize cross-validation to evaluate model performance and prevent overfitting

• Explore ensemble methods like bagging and boosting to ...read more
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Q1. Python collections numpy pandas library Sql windows functions Spark
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