Explain the OOPS concepts with examples.

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OOPs concepts include Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction, essential for structured programming.

Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods. Example: A class 'Car' with attributes like 'speed' and methods like 'accelerate()'.
Inheritance: Deriving new classes from existing ones. Example: 'ElectricCar' inherits from 'Car', adding features like 'batteryCapacity'.
Polymorphism: Ability to take many forms. Example: A method 'draw()' can be used for different shapes like 'Circle' and 'Square'.
Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details. Example: An interface 'Vehicle' defines methods like 'start()' without specifying how.