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PID stands for Proportional-Integral-Derivative. It is a control algorithm used in systems to maintain a desired output.
PID is a feedback control mechanism that continuously calculates an error value based on the difference between a desired setpoint and the actual output of a system.
The Proportional term adjusts the output proportionally to the error value.
The Integral term sums up the error over time to eliminate ste...
A closed loop is a control system where the output is fed back to the input for continuous monitoring and adjustment.
In a closed loop system, the output is compared to a desired value and adjustments are made to bring the output closer to the desired value.
Examples of closed loop systems include thermostat-controlled heating systems and cruise control in cars.
Closed loop systems are used to maintain stability, accuracy...
posted on 15 Sep 2024
Yes, I have scripting knowledge in languages like Bash, PowerShell, and Python.
Proficient in Bash scripting for automation tasks
Experience with PowerShell scripting for Windows administration
Familiarity with Python scripting for system monitoring and management
LVM (Logical Volume Manager) is a tool used in Linux to manage storage by creating logical volumes from physical volumes.
LVM allows for dynamic resizing of logical volumes without needing to unmount the filesystem.
It consists of physical volumes (PVs), volume groups (VGs), and logical volumes (LVs).
PVs are physical storage devices like hard drives or partitions, VGs are a collection of PVs, and LVs are the virtual part...
Technical quotation related to PLC
Types of gates in logic are basic building blocks of digital circuits.
AND gate: outputs true only when all inputs are true (e.g. A AND B)
OR gate: outputs true when at least one input is true (e.g. A OR B)
NOT gate: inverts the input (e.g. NOT A)
NAND gate: combination of AND gate followed by NOT gate
NOR gate: combination of OR gate followed by NOT gate
XOR gate: outputs true when inputs are different (e.g. A XOR B)
I applied via Recruitment Consulltant and was interviewed before Jun 2023. There were 2 interview rounds.
posted on 11 Nov 2021
I applied via Walk-in and was interviewed before Nov 2020. There were 3 interview rounds.
I applied via Walk-in and was interviewed before Dec 2022. There were 4 interview rounds.
Logical questions and questions based on comprehensive passage
The company is a leading technology firm specializing in system engineering solutions.
The company has a strong reputation in the industry for its expertise in system engineering.
They offer a wide range of services including system design, integration, and maintenance.
They have worked with several high-profile clients in various industries such as aerospace, defense, and telecommunications.
The company values innovation ...
I applied via Recruitment Consultant and was interviewed in Oct 2020. There was 1 interview round.
Logic for PLC software
Define inputs and outputs
Create ladder logic diagram
Test and debug program
I applied via Recruitment Consultant and was interviewed before Feb 2020. There were 3 interview rounds.
The brake system architecture for locomotives includes air brakes, mechanical brakes, and electronic brakes.
Air brakes use compressed air to apply and release brakes
Mechanical brakes use friction to slow down or stop the train
Electronic brakes use sensors and computer systems to control the braking process
The brake system also includes brake shoes, brake discs, brake pads, and brake calipers
The brake system is designed
Emergency brake distance calculation for a locomotive.
Determine the speed of the locomotive
Find the deceleration rate of the locomotive
Calculate the stopping distance using the formula: (speed^2) / (2 x deceleration rate)
Consider factors such as track conditions and weather
Perform regular maintenance to ensure brakes are functioning properly
I have worked on various projects including network infrastructure, cloud migration, and software development.
Designed and implemented a new network infrastructure for a small business
Migrated on-premise servers to AWS cloud for a healthcare company
Developed a web application for a non-profit organization to manage volunteers
Implemented security measures for a financial institution's IT systems
Upgraded and maintained s...
I was interviewed before Mar 2021.
Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round started with 1 coding question related to Prime Numbers in which I was first asked to explain my approach and then write the pseudo code for it. This was followed by some preety standard questions from OOPS and Java.
Approach (Using Sieve of Eratosthenes) :
1) We'll create a global sieve and store values of prime numbers in it and use it to get prime numbers for all queries in constant time.
2) Define global variable MAXSIZE as 10^6+5 and an empty ARRAYOFPRIMES.
3) Initialize boolean array ISPRIME[i] to TRUE for each 2<=i <=MAXSIZE
4) Iterate for each 2 <= p <= MAXSIZE:
4.1) If IsPrime[P] is not changed, then it is a p...
Difference between Abstract class and Interface.
The differences between Abstract Class and Interface are as follows :
Abstract Class:
1) Abstract classes have a default constructor and it is called whenever the concrete subclass is instantiated.
2) It contains Abstract methods as well as Non-Abstract methods.
3) The class which extends the Abstract class shouldn’t require the implementation of all the methods, only Abstract
methods need to be implemented in the con...
What is Garbage collector in JAVA?
1) Garbage Collection in Java is a process by which the programs perform memory management automatically.
2) The Garbage Collector(GC) finds the unused objects and deletes them to reclaim the memory. I
3) In Java, dynamic memory allocation of objects is achieved using the new operator that uses some memory and the
memory remains allocated until there are references for the use of the object.
4) When there are no references...
What is meant by exception handling?
No one wants its software to fail or crash. Exceptions are the major reason for software failure. The exceptions can be handled in the program beforehand and prevent the execution from stopping. This is known as exception handling.
So exception handling is the mechanism for identifying the undesirable states that the program can reach and specifying the desirable outcomes of such states.
Try-catch is the most common meth
How ConcurrentHashMap works in Java
According to ConcurrentHashMap Oracle docs,
The constructor of ConcurrentHashMap looks like this :
public ConcurrentHashMap (int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel)
So the above line creates a new, empty map with the specified initial capacity, load factor and concurrency level.
where,
Important Parameters to consider from ConcurrentHashMap Constructor :
initialCapacity - the initial capacity. The implem...
Explain the use of final keyword in variable, method and class.
In Java, the final keyword is used as defining something as constant /final and represents the non-access modifier.
1) final variable :
i) When a variable is declared as final in Java, the value can’t be modified once it has been assigned.
ii) If any value has not been assigned to that variable, then it can be assigned only by the constructor of the class.
2) final method :
i) A method declared as final cannot be overridden...
How would you differentiate between a String, StringBuffer, and a StringBuilder?
1) Storage area : In string, the String pool serves as the storage area. For StringBuilder and StringBuffer, heap
memory is the storage area.
2) Mutability : A String is immutable, whereas both the StringBuilder and StringBuffer are mutable.
3) Efficiency : It is quite slow to work with a String. However, StringBuilder is the fastest in performing operations. The
speed of a StringBuffer is more than a String and less than ...
Round duration - 50 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round had 1 coding question related to LRU Cache where I had to code its implementation in a production-ready manner explaining my overall approach with proper complexity analysis. This was followed by some Mutithreading questions from Java and then at last the interviewer asked me some basic design patterns in Software Engineering and some more questions related to OOPS.
Structure of an LRU Cache :
1) In practice, LRU cache is a kind of Queue — if an element is reaccessed, it goes to the end of the eviction order.
2) This queue will have a specific capacity as the cache has a limited size. Whenever a new element is brought in, it
is added at the head of the queue. When eviction happens, it happens from the tail of the queue.
3) Hitting data in the cache must be done in constant time, which...
What is the start() and run() method of Thread class?
start(): In simple words, the start() method is used to start or begin the execution of a newly created thread. When the start() method is called, a new thread is created and this newly created thread executes the task that is kept in the run() method. One can call the start() method only once.
run(): In simple words, the run() method is used to start or begin the execution of the same thread. When the run() metho...
What is BlockingQueue?
BlockingQueue basically represents a queue that is thread-safe. Producer thread inserts resource/element into the queue using put() method unless it gets full and consumer thread takes resources from the queue using take() method until it gets empty. But if a thread tries to dequeue from an empty queue, then a particular thread will be blocked until some other thread inserts an item into the queue, or if a thread tries...
What is thread starvation?
Thread starvation is basically a situation or condition where a thread won’t be able to have regular access to shared resources and therefore is unable to proceed or make progress. This is because other threads have high priority and occupy the resources for too long. This usually happens with low-priority threads that do not get CPU for its execution to carry on.
What is Thread Scheduler and Time Slicing?
Thread Scheduler: It is a component of JVM that is used to decide which thread will execute next if multiple threads are waiting to get the chance of execution. By looking at the priority assigned to each thread that is READY, the thread scheduler selects the next run to execute. To schedule the threads, it mainly uses two mechanisms: Preemptive Scheduling and Time slicing scheduling.
Time Slicing: It is especiall...
Explain SOLID principles in Object Oriented Design .
The SOLID principle is an acronym of the five principles which is given below :
1) Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
2) Open/Closed Principle
3) Liskov’s Substitution Principle (LSP)
4) Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
5) Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)
Uses of SOLID design principles :
1) The SOLID principle helps in reducing tight coupling.
2) Tight coupling means a group of classes are highly dependent on one ...
What makes a HashSet different from a TreeSet?
Although both HashSet and TreeSet are not synchronized and ensure that duplicates are not present, there are certain properties that distinguish a HashSet from a TreeSet.
1) Implementation: For a HashSet, the hash table is utilized for storing the elements in an unordered manner. However, TreeSet makes use of the red-black tree to store the elements in a sorted manner.
2) Complexity/ Performance: For adding, retrieving, ...
Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
This is a cultural fitment testing round .HR was very frank and asked standard questions. Then we discussed about my role.
Why should we hire you ?
Tip 1 : The cross questioning can go intense some time, think before you speak.
Tip 2 : Be open minded and answer whatever you are thinking, in these rounds I feel it is important to have opinion.
Tip 3 : Context of questions can be switched, pay attention to the details. It is okay to ask questions in these round,
like what are the projects currently the company is investing, which team you are mentoring. How all is the ...
Why are you looking for a job change?
Tip : For an experienced professional seeking a change, this is a common question. The easiest method to respond
to this question is to state that you are leaving your current work in order to advance your career. Make sure you don't
criticize or speak poorly about the company where you now work.
Tip 1 : Must do Previously asked Interview as well as Online Test Questions.
Tip 2 : Go through all the previous interview experiences from Codestudio and Leetcode.
Tip 3 : Do at-least 2 good projects and you must know every bit of them.
Tip 1 : Have at-least 2 good projects explained in short with all important points covered.
Tip 2 : Every skill must be mentioned.
Tip 3 : Focus on skills, projects and experiences more.
I was interviewed in Apr 2017.
System configuration refers to the process of setting up and arranging hardware and software components to work together efficiently.
System configuration involves setting up hardware and software components to work together efficiently
It includes configuring network settings, installing drivers, and setting up user accounts
Examples of system configuration tools include Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager and ...
The S7 controller has limited scalability and flexibility compared to other controllers.
Limited number of I/O points
Limited memory capacity
Limited processing power
Limited communication options
Limited support for advanced programming languages
Limited compatibility with third-party devices
Limited ability to handle complex control algorithms
Limited fault diagnostics capabilities
Topologies and protocols used in networking
Topologies: Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, Hybrid
Protocols: TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS
Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth are common networking technologies
Network security protocols: SSL, TLS, IPSec
Routing protocols: OSPF, BGP, RIP
based on 12 reviews
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Siemens
ABB
Schneider Electric
Emerson Electric Co.