30+ Tashkent Palace Hotel Interview Questions and Answers

Quality assurance focuses on processes to ensure quality, while testing involves executing tests to identify defects.

• Quality assurance is a proactive process that focuses on preventing defects by establishing processes and standards.

• Testing is a reactive process that involves executing tests to identify defects in the software.

• Quality assurance is process-oriented, while testing is product-oriented.

• Quality assurance involves activities like reviews, audits, and process improv...read more

Continuous delivery focuses on automating the software delivery process up to the production environment, while continuous deployment goes a step further by automatically deploying every change to production.

• Continuous delivery ensures that code changes are always in a deployable state, ready to be released to production at any time.

• Continuous deployment takes the automation further by actually deploying every change that passes the automated tests to production without manua...read more

Configuration management in DevOps involves automating the setup and maintenance of infrastructure and applications.

• Ensures consistency in infrastructure and application configurations across different environments

• Automates the process of provisioning, configuring, and managing servers and applications

• Helps in tracking changes made to configurations and rolling back to previous versions if needed

• Facilitates collaboration between development and operations teams by providing a...read more

Different types of testing include functional testing, non-functional testing, manual testing, automated testing, regression testing, and performance testing.

• Functional testing: Testing the functionality of the software against the requirements.

• Non-functional testing: Testing aspects like performance, usability, and security.

• Manual testing: Testing performed manually by testers.

• Automated testing: Testing performed using automation tools.

• Regression testing: Testing to ensure t...read more

DevOps focuses on collaboration between development and operations teams, while agile methodology is a software development approach.

• DevOps is a cultural shift that emphasizes collaboration, communication, and integration between software development and IT operations teams.

• Agile methodology is a software development approach that focuses on iterative development, customer feedback, and flexibility in responding to change.

• DevOps aims to automate the process of software delive...read more

Some popular DevOps tools include Jenkins, Docker, Ansible, Kubernetes, and Git.

• Jenkins

• Docker

• Ansible

• Kubernetes

• Git

To create a Spring Boot application, you can use Spring Initializr to generate a project with necessary dependencies and configurations.

• Go to https://start.spring.io/

• Select the project metadata like group, artifact, dependencies, etc.

• Click on 'Generate' to download the project zip file.

• Extract the zip file and import the project into your IDE.

• Start coding your Spring Boot application.

Spring Boot dependency management is a feature that simplifies managing dependencies in a Spring Boot project.

• Spring Boot uses Maven or Gradle for dependency management

• Dependencies are declared in the pom.xml file for Maven or build.gradle file for Gradle

• Spring Boot provides a 'starter' dependencies that include commonly used libraries and frameworks

• Version conflicts are resolved automatically by Spring Boot

Performance Testing includes Load Testing, Stress Testing, Endurance Testing, and Spike Testing.

• Load Testing: Evaluates system performance under expected load levels.

• Stress Testing: Tests system performance beyond normal capacity to identify breaking points.

• Endurance Testing: Checks system performance over an extended period to ensure stability.

• Spike Testing: Tests system's response to sudden spikes in load or traffic.

Parameters considered for Performance Testing

• Response time

• Throughput

• Concurrency

• Load

• Stress

Factors for selecting Performance Testing tools include compatibility, scalability, ease of use, cost, and support.

• Compatibility with the technology stack being used

• Scalability to handle the expected load

• Ease of use for testers to create and execute tests

• Cost of the tool compared to the budget

• Availability of support and documentation

• Integration capabilities with other testing tools

• Reporting and analysis features

• Community support and user reviews

Performance testing focuses on speed, scalability, and stability of the system, while functional testing checks if the system meets specified requirements.

• Performance testing evaluates the system's speed, scalability, and stability under various load conditions.

• Functional testing verifies if the system meets specified requirements and functions correctly.

• Performance testing helps identify bottlenecks and optimize system performance.

• Functional testing ensures that the system b...read more

QA should start as early as possible in the software development lifecycle.

• QA should start at the beginning of the project to ensure quality is built in from the start.

• QA should be involved in requirements gathering to prevent misunderstandings and defects.

• QA should start testing as soon as there is a deliverable, even if it's just a prototype.

• QA should collaborate with developers to identify and fix issues early on.

• QA should continue testing throughout the development proces...read more

IaC is implemented using AWS through tools like CloudFormation, Terraform, and AWS CDK.

• Use AWS CloudFormation to define infrastructure as code using JSON or YAML templates

• Utilize Terraform to provision and manage infrastructure using declarative configuration files

• Leverage AWS CDK to define cloud infrastructure using familiar programming languages like Python or TypeScript

Version control allows for tracking changes, collaboration, reverting to previous versions, and maintaining code integrity.

• Facilitates tracking changes made to code over time

• Enables collaboration among team members by providing a centralized repository

• Allows for reverting to previous versions of code in case of errors or bugs

• Helps maintain code integrity and consistency across different environments

• Facilitates code reviews and audits for quality assurance

• Examples: Git, SVN, M...read more

Anti-patterns of DevOps are common practices that hinder the successful implementation of DevOps principles and practices.

• Lack of collaboration between development and operations teams

• Manual and error-prone deployment processes

• Silos within the organization leading to lack of communication and sharing

• Failure to automate repetitive tasks

• Ignoring monitoring and feedback loops

• Focusing solely on tools rather than culture and processes

Functional interfaces in Java 8 are interfaces with only one abstract method, used for lambda expressions.

• Functional interfaces can have multiple default or static methods, but only one abstract method.

• They are used for lambda expressions and method references.

• Examples include Runnable, Callable, Comparator, etc.

Default method in Java 8 allows interfaces to have method implementations.

• Introduced in Java 8 to provide backward compatibility for interfaces

• Default methods can be overridden by implementing classes

• Used to add new methods to interfaces without breaking existing implementations

Load testing is a type of performance testing that simulates real-life user load on a software application to measure its performance under normal and peak conditions.

• Load testing helps identify the maximum operating capacity of an application.

• It helps in determining whether the current infrastructure is sufficient to handle the expected user load.

• Examples of load testing tools include JMeter, LoadRunner, and Apache Bench.

LoadRunner is a performance testing tool used to simulate user traffic on a system to measure its performance under load.

• Allows for performance testing of applications under various load conditions

• Helps identify bottlenecks and performance issues in the system

• Provides detailed reports and analysis of system performance

• Supports a wide range of protocols for testing different types of applications

A test plan is a document that outlines the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of testing activities.

• Defines the objectives and scope of testing

• Outlines the test strategy and approach

• Identifies resources and schedule for testing

• Includes test cases, test scenarios, and test data

• Describes the roles and responsibilities of team members

Negative testing involves testing the system with invalid inputs or unexpected actions to ensure it handles errors properly.

• Testing the system with incorrect data

• Testing boundary conditions

• Testing error handling

• Ensuring the system fails gracefully

• Examples: entering letters in a number field, entering a future date for a past date field

Endurance testing involves testing the system under sustained load to ensure stability, while spike testing involves testing the system's ability to handle sudden spikes in load.

• Endurance testing is performed to evaluate the system's performance over an extended period of time.

• Spike testing is conducted to assess how the system handles sudden increases in load or traffic.

• Endurance testing helps identify memory leaks, performance degradation, and other issues that may arise ov...read more

Annotation used in Spring framework to indicate that a class is a RESTful controller

• Used in Spring framework to define RESTful web services

• Eliminates the need for annotating every method with @ResponseBody

• Combines @Controller and @ResponseBody annotations

Lambda expression is a concise way to represent an anonymous function in programming languages.

• Lambda expressions are used to create functions without a name.

• They are often used in functional programming languages like Python and Java.

• Lambda expressions can be passed as arguments to higher-order functions.

• They are commonly used for short, one-off functions.

• Example: (x) => x * x is a lambda expression that squares a number.

Common Performance Testing tools include JMeter, LoadRunner, Gatling, and Apache Bench.

• JMeter: Open-source tool for load and performance testing

• LoadRunner: Enterprise tool by Micro Focus for performance testing

• Gatling: Open-source tool for load testing

• Apache Bench: Command-line tool for benchmarking web servers

Bug release refers to the process of making a software bug fix available to users.

• Bug release involves identifying and fixing a software bug

• Testing the fix to ensure it resolves the issue

• Deploying the fix to production for users to access

• Communicating the bug release to users and stakeholders

A test case is a set of conditions or variables under which a tester will determine whether a system under test satisfies requirements or works correctly.

• Test cases are written based on requirements or user stories

• Each test case includes a set of inputs, expected outputs, and execution steps

• Test cases are used to validate the functionality of a system

• Test cases can be automated or executed manually

Bug leakage refers to bugs that are not identified during testing and are released to production.

• Bug leakage occurs when bugs are missed during testing and are found by users after the software is released.

• It can happen due to inadequate test coverage, lack of proper testing techniques, or miscommunication between teams.

• Examples include critical bugs in a mobile app that were not caught during testing and are discovered by users after the app is live.