Defence Research & Development Organisation Ai Ml Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

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Q1. Mostly about the projects you did earlier
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Q2. What do you focus on learning in future
Ans. 
I focus on learning new programming languages, technologies, and best practices to stay current in the industry.
• Learning new programming languages such as Python or Go

• Exploring emerging technologies like blockchain or machine learning

• Staying updated on best practices in software development such as Agile or DevOps

• Improving problem-solving skills through coding challenges and projects
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Q1. Differentiate between RISC and CISC
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RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computing and CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computing.
• RISC processors have a smaller set of simple instructions, while CISC processors have a larger set of complex instructions.

• RISC processors typically execute instructions in one clock cycle, while CISC processors may require multiple clock cycles.

• RISC processors rely on optimizing compilers for performance, while CISC...read more
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Q2. Define and differentiate interpreter and compiler
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Interpreter translates code line by line while compiler translates entire code at once.
• Interpreter: translates code line by line, slower execution, easier debugging (e.g. Python)

• Compiler: translates entire code at once, faster execution, harder debugging (e.g. C++)
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Q1. What is your contribution in APQP?
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My contribution in APQP includes leading cross-functional teams, developing control plans, conducting FMEAs, and ensuring compliance with quality standards.
• Leading cross-functional teams to develop and implement APQP processes

• Developing control plans to monitor and control quality throughout the product lifecycle

• Conducting Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to identify and mitigate potential risks

• Ensuring complia...read more
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Q2. What are all the CI activities you submitted in this financial year?
Ans. 
Implemented various Continuous Improvement activities including process optimization and defect reduction.
• Implemented Lean Six Sigma projects to reduce defects in production processes

• Conducted root cause analysis to identify areas for improvement

• Introduced new quality control measures to enhance product quality

• Collaborated with cross-functional teams to streamline workflows and reduce waste
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Basic leetcode problems

Q1. Basic java questions
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Q1. Why the brittle material fail as spiral fracture surface under torsion
Ans. 
Brittle materials fail as spiral fracture surface under torsion due to their inability to deform plastically.
• Brittle materials lack ductility and are unable to deform plastically under stress

• Under torsion, the material experiences shear stress which leads to the formation of spiral fracture surfaces

• The lack of plastic deformation causes the material to fail catastrophically along these spiral paths

• Examples of brittle m...read more
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Q2. What is entropy
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Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
• Entropy is a thermodynamic property that quantifies the amount of energy in a physical system that is not available to do work.

• It is a measure of the number of possible arrangements of particles in a system.

• Entropy tends to increase in isolated systems over time, leading to a state of maximum disorder or equilibrium.

• An example of entropy is the melting of ice -...read more
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Q3. How to find natural frequency practically
Ans. 
Natural frequency can be found practically by conducting modal analysis or using specialized equipment like accelerometers.
• Conduct modal analysis by applying a force or impulse to the structure and measuring the resulting vibrations.

• Use specialized equipment like accelerometers to measure the vibrations of the structure.

• Calculate the natural frequency using the formula: f = 1 / (2π√(k/m)), where f is the natural freque...read more
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Q4. What is Fast Fourier transform
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Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is an algorithm used to compute the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of a sequence or signal.
• FFT is used to analyze the frequency content of a signal by decomposing it into its constituent frequencies.

• It is commonly used in signal processing, image processing, audio analysis, and many other fields.

• FFT algorithms are much faster than the naive DFT computation, making it practical for real-ti...read more
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Q5. How FFT is different from DFT
Ans. 
FFT is a faster algorithm for calculating DFT
• FFT is faster than DFT in terms of computation time

• FFT uses a divide-and-conquer approach to reduce the number of operations

• DFT computes all frequencies while FFT only computes the frequencies of interest

• FFT is commonly used in signal processing applications
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Q1. Define the factor of safety?
Ans. 
Factor of safety is a design parameter that accounts for uncertainties in material properties and loading conditions.
• Factor of safety is the ratio of the maximum stress a material can withstand to the maximum stress it is subjected to in a given application.

• It ensures that the structure or component will not fail under normal operating conditions.

• Higher factor of safety values indicate a more conservative design approa...read more
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Q2. What is tolerance?
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Tolerance refers to the allowable variation in dimensions or properties of a part or product.
• Tolerance is important in engineering to ensure proper fit and function of components.

• It is typically specified as a range of acceptable values, such as +/- 0.1mm.

• Tolerance can be applied to dimensions, material properties, surface finish, etc.

• For example, a hole may have a tolerance of +/- 0.05mm to allow for proper alignment
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Q1. Multithreading using Rtos
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Multithreading using RTOS involves creating multiple threads to run concurrently, managed by a real-time operating system.
• RTOS provides scheduling and synchronization mechanisms for managing multiple threads.

• Threads in RTOS can have different priorities to ensure timely execution of critical tasks.

• Example: Using FreeRTOS to create multiple threads for handling different tasks in an embedded system.
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Q1. Ups, inverter, generator operator, electrical
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Q2. Electrical diploma in AICTE
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Q3. Any type of electrical
Ans. 
Yes, I have experience working with various types of electrical systems.
• I have worked with both AC and DC electrical systems.

• I am familiar with electrical wiring and circuitry.

• I have experience troubleshooting electrical issues and repairing faulty components.

• I am knowledgeable about electrical safety protocols and regulations.

• Examples of electrical systems I have worked with include lighting systems, HVAC systems, and
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Q4. Electrical knowledge
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Q5. What is the role of electrical equipment.
Ans. 
Electrical equipment plays a crucial role in powering and controlling various systems and processes.
• Electrical equipment is responsible for generating, distributing, and controlling power in various industries.

• It is used in a wide range of applications, from simple household appliances to complex industrial machinery.

• Electrical equipment includes generators, transformers, motors, switches, and control systems.

• It is ess...read more
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Q6. How are the generate electricity
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Electricity is generated through various methods including thermal, hydro, nuclear, and renewable sources.
• Thermal power plants burn fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas to generate steam that drives turbines to produce electricity.

• Hydroelectric power plants use the force of falling water to turn turbines and generate electricity.

• Nuclear power plants use nuclear reactions to heat water and produce steam that drives turb...read more
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