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Dassault Systemes
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Few coding tasks asked like palindrome number
Factorial
Basic concept tests based on DSA
Like prove that set is unordered
Calculate the number of children and grandchildren
Count the number of direct children of a person
Count the number of grandchildren of a person
Use recursion to count all descendants
Consider only living descendants
Exclude step-children and adopted children
I appeared for an interview before May 2021.
Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
Given 'N' students standing in a row with specific heights, your task is to find the length of the longest strictly increasing subsequence of their heights...
Find the length of the longest strictly increasing subsequence of heights of students in a row.
Iterate through the heights array and for each element, find the length of the longest increasing subsequence ending at that element.
Use dynamic programming to keep track of the longest increasing subsequence length for each element.
Return the maximum length found as the result.
You are given the start and end times of 'N' intervals. Write a function to determine if any two intervals overlap.
If an interval ends at time T and anothe...
Given start and end times of intervals, determine if any two intervals overlap.
Iterate through intervals and check if any two intervals overlap by comparing their start and end times
Sort intervals based on start times for efficient comparison
Consider edge cases where intervals end and start at the same time
Various SQL queries related to data manipulation and retrieval were asked during the interview.
Basic SELECT queries to retrieve data from a single table
JOIN queries to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a common column
Aggregate functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG, etc. to perform calculations on data
Subqueries to retrieve data based on the result of another query
UPDATE queries to modify existing data in a table
DELE...
Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
Given a string STR
of size N
and an integer M
representing the number of rows in the zig-zag pattern, return the string formed by concatenating all rows when the string ST...
Arrange a string in zig-zag pattern with given number of rows and concatenate the rows.
Iterate through the string and distribute characters to rows based on zig-zag pattern
Concatenate the characters in each row to get the final result
Handle edge cases like when number of rows is 1 or equal to the length of the string
You are given a permutation of 'N' integers. A sequence of 'N' integers is considered a permutation if it includes all integers from 1 to 'N' exactly once. Your task is ...
The task is to rearrange a given permutation of 'N' integers to form the lexicographically next greater permutation.
Iterate from right to left to find the first element that is smaller than the element to its right.
Swap this element with the smallest element to its right that is greater than it.
Reverse the elements to the right of the swapped element to get the lexicographically next greater permutation.
Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
Given a string S, your task is to recursively remove all consecutive duplicate characters from the string.
String S
Output string
Recursively remove consecutive duplicate characters from a string.
Use recursion to check if the current character is the same as the next character, if so skip the next character
Base case: if the string is empty or has only one character, return the string
Example: Input: 'aaabcc', Output: 'abc'
Given an input string 'S', you are tasked with finding and returning all possible permutations of the input string.
The first and only line of input ...
Return all possible permutations of a given input string.
Use recursion to generate all possible permutations of the input string.
Swap characters at different positions to generate permutations.
Handle duplicate characters in the input string by using a set to store unique permutations.
Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
Design an e-commerce website similar to Flipkart or Amazon.
Implement user-friendly interface for easy navigation
Include search functionality with filters for products
Incorporate secure payment gateway for transactions
Provide personalized recommendations based on user behavior
Include customer reviews and ratings for products
Implement order tracking and delivery status updates
Offer various payment options like credit/deb
Tip 1 : Prepare DSA well. Standard Leetcode-type questions will be asked.
Tip 2 : You should be crystal clear about your project/s as any question would be asked and you should be able to answer it.
Tip 3 : Prepare CS fundaments like OS, OOPs, DBMS, etc.
Tip 1 : Clearly mention the tech. stack you have worked on in the project/s
Tip 2 : As a fresher, you should add your coding profiles on CodeChef, Codeforces, etc. so as to make the resume shortlisting easy
I appeared for an interview before Jan 2021.
Round duration - 120 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
The test included MCQ questions from SQL, Linux Commands, C/C++ programming, Logical Reasoning, Aptitude questions. The other section was the coding round, where 2 SQL queries and 2 coding questions were there.
You are provided with an array/list ARR
of length N
containing only 0s and 1s. Your goal is to determine the number of non-empty subarrays where the numbe...
Count the number of subarrays where the number of 0s is equal to the number of 1s in a given array of 0s and 1s.
Iterate through the array and keep track of the count of 0s and 1s encountered so far.
Use a hashmap to store the count of 0s and 1s encountered at each index.
For each index, check if the count of 0s is equal to the count of 1s encountered so far and update the result accordingly.
Determine if an array contains a Pythagorean triplet by checking whether there are three integers x, y, and z such that x2 + y2 = z2 within the array.
The first lin...
Detect if an array contains a Pythagorean triplet by checking if there are three integers x, y, and z such that x^2 + y^2 = z^2.
Iterate through all possible triplets of numbers in the array and check if they form a Pythagorean triplet.
Use a nested loop to generate all possible combinations of three numbers from the array.
Check if the sum of squares of two numbers is equal to the square of the third number for each trip...
Round duration - 50 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This was a standard DSA round where I was asked to solve 2 questions and also code it in a production ready manner . At the end I was also asked some questions related to Linux and SQL . I was tested on some basic commands of Linux .
Given a string S
, your task is to return all distinct palindromic substrings of the given string in alphabetical order.
A string is considered a pal...
Return all distinct palindromic substrings of a given string in alphabetical order.
Iterate through all possible substrings of the given string.
Check if each substring is a palindrome.
Store distinct palindromic substrings in alphabetical order.
Given two integers a
and b
, your task is to swap these numbers and output the swapped values.
The first line contains a single integer 't', representing the num...
Swap two integers 'a' and 'b' and output the swapped values.
Create a temporary variable to store one of the integers before swapping.
Swap the values of 'a' and 'b' using the temporary variable.
Output the swapped values of 'a' and 'b'.
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity, while denormalization is the process of intentionally adding redundancy to improve query performance.
Normalization involves breaking down a table into smaller tables and defining relationships between them to reduce redundancy and dependency.
Denormalization involves combining tables or adding redundant data to...
Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This was a DS/Algo + Core round where I was asked questions related to DBMS , SQL queries and Linux Commands . The first question was of DSA and I was able to code it preety fast . I was also asked to execute some SQL queries on my laptop.
Overall , this round went good according to my opinion.
Your task is to determine if two given strings are anagrams of each other. Two strings are considered anagrams if you can rearrange the letters of one string to form the...
Check if two strings are anagrams of each other by comparing their sorted characters.
Sort the characters of both strings and compare them.
Use a dictionary to count the frequency of characters in each string and compare the dictionaries.
Ensure both strings have the same length before proceeding with comparison.
Handle edge cases like empty strings or strings with different lengths.
Use SQL query with GROUP BY and HAVING clause to delete duplicate emails from a database.
Use GROUP BY clause to group emails together
Use HAVING clause to filter out groups with more than one email
Use DELETE statement to remove duplicate emails
DELETE removes specific rows from a table, while TRUNCATE removes all rows and resets auto-increment values.
DELETE is a DML command, while TRUNCATE is a DDL command.
DELETE can be rolled back, while TRUNCATE cannot be rolled back.
DELETE triggers ON DELETE triggers, while TRUNCATE does not trigger any triggers.
DELETE is slower as it maintains logs, while TRUNCATE is faster as it does not maintain logs.
Example: DELETE FRO...
Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
This was a typical HR round with some standard Behavioral questions .
Tip 1 : Must do Previously asked Interview as well as Online Test Questions.
Tip 2 : Go through all the previous interview experiences from Codestudio and Leetcode.
Tip 3 : Do at-least 2 good projects and you must know every bit of them.
Tip 1 : Have at-least 2 good projects explained in short with all important points covered.
Tip 2 : Every skill must be mentioned.
Tip 3 : Focus on skills, projects and experiences more.
Insertion sort and quicksort are sorting algorithms used to sort arrays of data.
Insertion sort: iterates through the array and inserts each element into its proper position.
Quicksort: selects a pivot element and partitions the array into two sub-arrays, one with elements less than the pivot and one with elements greater than the pivot.
Insertion sort is best for small arrays, while quicksort is best for large arrays.
Bot...
Merge two sorted linked lists using recursion
Create a recursive function that compares the first nodes of both lists
Set the smaller node as the head of the merged list and call the function again with the next node of the smaller list
Base case: if one list is empty, return the other list
Return the merged list
Given an integer, determine which byte is zero.
Convert the integer to a byte array using bitwise operations.
Iterate through the byte array and check for a zero value.
Return the index of the zero byte.
Consider endianness when converting to byte array.
To check endianness, create a 4-byte integer with a known value and check the byte order.
Create a 4-byte integer with a known value
Check the value of the first byte to determine endianness
If the first byte is the least significant, the machine is little endian
If the first byte is the most significant, the machine is big endian
Static objects can be used to print something before main() execution.
Static objects are initialized before main() execution
They can be used to print something before main()
Example: static int x = printf("Hello World!");
Output: Hello World! will be printed before main() execution
Static variables are allocated memory in the data segment of the program's memory space.
Static variables have a fixed memory location throughout the program's execution.
They are initialized to zero by default.
If initialized explicitly, they are stored in the data segment.
Static variables can be accessed by any function in the program.
Finding space and time complexity of a recursive function.
Space complexity is the amount of memory used by the function.
Time complexity is the amount of time taken by the function to execute.
Recursive functions have higher space complexity due to the call stack.
Time complexity can be calculated using Big O notation.
Examples of recursive functions include factorial and Fibonacci sequence.
Diamond hierarchy problem is a problem in object-oriented programming where a class inherits from multiple classes in a diamond-shaped hierarchy.
Occurs when a class inherits from two classes that share a common base class
Can lead to ambiguity in method calls and data members
Solved using virtual inheritance or by using interfaces
To determine if a point is inside a polygon, use the ray casting algorithm.
Create a line from the point to a point outside the polygon
Count the number of times the line intersects with the polygon edges
If the count is odd, the point is inside the polygon; otherwise, it is outside
The four storage classes in C are auto, register, static, and extern.
Auto: default storage class for all local variables
Register: used to define local variables that should be stored in a register instead of RAM
Static: used to define local variables that retain their value between function calls
Extern: used to declare a global variable that is defined in another file
i is stored in global data segment, j is stored in stack, k is stored in heap.
i is a global variable and is stored in the global data segment
j is a local variable and is stored in the stack
k is a pointer variable and is stored in the stack, while the memory it points to is allocated on the heap using malloc()
Use a hash table to store the words and check for existence in constant time.
Create a hash table with the words as keys and a boolean value as the value.
For each new word, check if it exists in the hash table. If it does, it has appeared before. If not, add it to the hash table.
Alternatively, use a set data structure to store only the unique words and check for existence in the set.
Return all root to leaf node paths in a binary tree with row, col and value.
Traverse the binary tree recursively and keep track of the current path.
When a leaf node is reached, add the path to the result array.
Include row, col and value of each node in the path.
Use an array of strings to store the paths.
To get max value from a stack in O(1), maintain a separate stack to keep track of maximum values.
Create a separate stack to keep track of maximum values
Push the maximum value onto the stack whenever a new maximum is encountered
Pop the maximum value stack whenever the top element of the main stack is popped
Return the top element of the maximum value stack to get the maximum value in O(1)
To get max element from a queue in O(1) time complexity
Maintain a separate variable to keep track of the maximum element in the queue
Update the maximum element variable whenever a new element is added or removed from the queue
Return the maximum element variable when getMax() function is called
Find the Next Greatest Element to the right for each element in an array of strings.
Iterate through the array from right to left
Use a stack to keep track of elements
Pop elements from stack until a greater element is found
If no greater element is found, assign -1
Return the result array
To remove unnecessary parenthesis from an expression, we need to apply a set of rules to identify and eliminate them.
Identify and remove parenthesis around single variables or constants
Identify and remove parenthesis around expressions with only one operator
Identify and remove parenthesis around expressions with operators of equal precedence
Identify and remove parenthesis around expressions with operators of different ...
Find the maximum product of three integers in an array.
Sort the array in descending order.
Check the product of the first three numbers and the product of the first and last two numbers.
Return the maximum of the two products.
Find length of longest consecutive sub array forming an AP from given array of integers.
Sort the array in ascending order
Iterate through the array and find the longest consecutive sub array forming an AP
Use a variable to keep track of the length of the current consecutive sub array forming an AP
Use another variable to keep track of the length of the longest consecutive sub array forming an AP seen so far
I appeared for an interview before Jan 2021.
Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
The interviewer asked me 2 questions related to DS/Algo in this round . Both the questions were of Easy-Medium difficulty and I was also required to code them in a production ready manner.
You are provided with a binary tree consisting of N
nodes where each node has an integer value. The task is to determine the maximum sum achievable by a...
Find the maximum sum achievable by a simple path between any two nodes in a binary tree.
Traverse the binary tree to find all possible paths and calculate their sums.
Keep track of the maximum sum encountered during traversal.
Consider paths that may include the same node twice.
Implement a recursive function to explore all possible paths.
Handle cases where nodes have negative values.
Given two arrays A
and B
with sizes N
and M
respectively, both sorted in non-decreasing order, determine their intersection.
The intersection of two arrays in...
The problem involves finding the intersection of two sorted arrays efficiently.
Use two pointers to iterate through both arrays simultaneously.
Compare elements at the pointers and move the pointers accordingly.
Handle cases where elements are equal, and update the intersection array.
Return the intersection array as the result.
Round duration - 50 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round had 2 questions of DS/Algo to solve under 50 minutes and one question related to Operating Systems.
You are provided with an array or list ARR
containing N
positive integers. Your task is to determine the Next Greater Element (NGE) for each element in the array.
T...
Find the Next Greater Element for each element in an array.
Iterate through the array from right to left
Use a stack to keep track of elements with no greater element to the right
Pop elements from the stack until finding a greater element or stack is empty
Given three integers X
, C
, and Y
, where X
is the first term of an arithmetic sequence with a common difference of C
, determine if Y
is part of this arithmetic sequ...
Check if a given number is part of an arithmetic sequence with a given first term and common difference.
Calculate the arithmetic sequence using the formula: nth term = X + (n-1) * C
Check if Y is equal to any term in the sequence to determine if it belongs to the sequence
Return 'True' if Y belongs to the sequence, otherwise return 'False'
Processes are instances of programs in execution, while threads are smaller units within a process that can execute independently.
A process is a program in execution, consisting of code, data, and resources.
Threads are smaller units within a process that can execute independently.
Processes have their own memory space, while threads share the same memory space within a process.
Processes are heavyweight, while threads ar...
Round duration - 50 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round had 2 questions of DSA of Easy-Medium difficulty and at the end I was asked a Puzzle to check my general problem solving ability.
Given an array/list arr
of size n
, determine the maximum product possible by taking any subset of the array/list arr
. Return the result modulo 10^9+7
since the product ...
Find the maximum product of a subset of an array modulo 10^9+7.
Iterate through the array and keep track of the maximum positive product and minimum negative product encountered so far.
Handle cases where the array contains zeros separately.
Return the maximum product modulo 10^9+7.
Given a complete binary tree with 'N' nodes, your task is to determine the 'next' node immediately to the right in level order for each node in the given tree.
...Implement a function to update 'next' pointers in a complete binary tree.
Iterate level by level using a queue
Connect nodes at each level using 'next' pointers
Handle null nodes appropriately
Ensure the tree is a complete binary tree
Round duration - 50 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round consisted of 2 questions from DSA where I was first asked to explain my approach to the interviewer with proper complexity analysis and then code the problems. The interviewer was quite friendly and also provided me some hints when I was stuck.
Create a stack data structure that supports not only the usual push and pop operations but also getMin(), which retrieves the minimum element, all in O(1) time complexity witho...
Implement a stack with push, pop, top, isEmpty, and getMin operations in O(1) time complexity without using extra space.
Use two stacks - one to store the actual elements and another to store the minimum element at each level.
When pushing an element, check if it is smaller than the current minimum and update the minimum stack accordingly.
When popping an element, also pop from the minimum stack if the popped element is t...
You are given an integer array arr
of size N
. Your task is to split the array into the maximum number of subarrays such that the first and last occurre...
Given an array, split it into maximum subarrays with first and last occurrence of each element in a single subarray.
Iterate through the array and keep track of the first and last occurrence of each element.
Use a hashmap to store the indices of each element.
Split the array whenever the last occurrence of an element is found.
Tip 1 : Must do Previously asked Interview as well as Online Test Questions.
Tip 2 : Go through all the previous interview experiences from Codestudio and Leetcode.
Tip 3 : Do at-least 2 good projects and you must know every bit of them.
Tip 1 : Have at-least 2 good projects explained in short with all important points covered.
Tip 2 : Every skill must be mentioned.
Tip 3 : Focus on skills, projects and experiences more.
Operating on images in parallel involves dividing the image into smaller parts and processing them simultaneously.
Divide the image into smaller parts using techniques like tiling or splitting
Use parallel processing techniques like multi-threading or GPU acceleration
Combine the processed parts to form the final image
Examples: image segmentation, object detection, image enhancement
Hardware engines support parallelism through multiple cores and threads.
Hardware engines can have multiple cores and threads to execute tasks simultaneously.
Parallelism can improve performance and efficiency in hardware-based tasks.
Examples include GPUs, FPGAs, and ASICs that have parallel processing capabilities.
Hardware parallelism can also be achieved through distributed computing and clustering.
Programming language...
Modern OSes support parallelism through multi-core processors and threading.
Modern OSes like Windows, macOS, and Linux support parallelism through multi-core processors and threading.
Parallelism can be achieved through processes or threads.
Parallelism can improve performance and efficiency of software.
Examples of parallel programming frameworks include OpenMP and MPI.
Memory protection is a feature of an operating system that prevents unauthorized access to memory locations.
Memory protection is achieved through the use of memory management units (MMUs) and virtual memory.
MMUs map virtual addresses to physical addresses and enforce access permissions.
Virtual memory allows the OS to allocate memory to processes in a way that isolates them from each other.
Examples of memory protection ...
To speed up multiplication of small integers in an array, we can use bitwise operations and parallel processing.
Use bitwise operations like shifting and ANDing to perform multiplication faster.
Divide the array into smaller chunks and perform multiplication in parallel using multi-threading or SIMD instructions.
Use lookup tables for frequently used values to avoid repeated calculations.
Use compiler optimizations like lo...
Design a data structure for excel spreadsheet
Use a 2D array to store cell values
Implement formulas using a stack
Include formatting options for cells
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