60+ Interview Questions and Answers

Use dynamic SQL to create table view with more than 60 columns for different profiles

• Use dynamic SQL to generate the CREATE VIEW statement based on the profile requirements

• Iterate through the profile columns and add them to the CREATE VIEW statement dynamically

• Consider using a loop or a mapping function to handle the large number of columns efficiently

A Table of Contents (TOC) for a Request for Proposal (RFP) outlines the structure and sections of the document.

• Introduction: Briefly explain the purpose and background of the RFP.

• Scope of Work: Define the project objectives, deliverables, and timeline.

• Requirements: List the specific requirements and criteria that vendors must meet.

• Evaluation Criteria: Describe how proposals will be evaluated and scored.

• Submission Guidelines: Provide instructions on how to submit the proposal....read more

When gathering requirements, a business analyst will look into various items to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the project.

• Identifying stakeholders and their needs

• Analyzing existing processes and systems

• Defining project objectives and scope

• Documenting functional and non-functional requirements

• Conducting interviews and workshops

• Performing gap analysis

• Creating use cases and user stories

• Prioritizing requirements

• Validating requirements with stakeholders

I will assess the client's current infrastructure, identify areas of improvement, and propose a customized upgrade plan.

• Conduct a thorough assessment of the client's current infrastructure

• Identify areas of improvement and prioritize them based on their impact on the client's business

• Propose a customized upgrade plan that addresses the client's specific needs and budget

• Ensure minimal disruption to the client's operations during the upgrade process

• Provide ongoing support and ma...read more

with sharing enforces sharing rules, without sharing doesn't enforce sharing rules, inherited sharing uses the sharing rules of the parent class

• with sharing keyword enforces sharing rules specified in the organization-wide defaults

• without sharing keyword doesn't enforce sharing rules, allowing access to all records

• inherited sharing keyword uses the sharing rules of the parent class

Sharing records using Organization Wide Defaults (OWD) in Salesforce

• Set OWD to Public Read Only to allow all users to view records but only the owner can edit

• Set OWD to Private to restrict access to only the record owner and users above in the role hierarchy

• Use Sharing Rules to extend access to specific groups of users

• Use Manual Sharing to grant access to individual users or groups on a case-by-case basis

Terraform is an open-source infrastructure as code software tool that allows you to define and provision data center infrastructure.

• Terraform is used to automate the deployment of infrastructure resources such as virtual machines, storage accounts, and networking interfaces.

• It supports various cloud providers such as AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.

• Terraform can also be used with on-premises data centers by using providers such as VMware vSphere or OpenStack.

• It uses a d...read more

I have worked on multiple eCommerce platforms including Shopify, Magento, and WooCommerce.

• Shopify

• Magento

• WooCommerce

An RFP (Request for Proposal) is a document that outlines the requirements and specifications for a project or service, and how vendors can submit their proposals.

• An RFP is typically issued by a company or organization that is seeking to procure goods or services.

• It includes details about the project, such as objectives, scope, timeline, and budget.

• Vendors interested in bidding on the project respond to the RFP by submitting their proposals, which outline how they will meet t...read more

RFI is a request for information, while RFP is a request for proposal.

• RFI is used to gather information about potential vendors or solutions.

• RFP is used to solicit proposals from vendors for a specific project or need.

• RFI is more exploratory and helps in shortlisting potential vendors.

• RFP is more detailed and includes specific requirements, pricing, and timelines.

• RFI is often used as a precursor to RFP to narrow down the list of potential vendors.

• Example: Sending an RFI to mu...read more

Cloud infrastructure can be recreated using other resources and configuration files.

• Terraform state file is used to track the current state of infrastructure.

• If lost, the infrastructure can be recreated using other resources and configuration files.

• However, any changes made after the state file was lost will not be reflected.

• It is important to regularly backup the state file to avoid such situations.

Yes, agile can be implemented in a fixed price (FP) project.

• Agile methodologies can be adapted to any project, including FP projects.

• The key is to focus on iterative development, frequent communication, and collaboration.

• Sprints can be used to deliver incremental value and gather feedback from stakeholders.

• The project scope may need to be defined upfront, but can still be adjusted as needed.

• Agile practices like daily stand-ups, backlog grooming, and retrospectives can be bene...read more

Modern trends in eCommerce include mobile shopping, personalized experiences, and social commerce.

• Mobile shopping is on the rise, with more consumers using smartphones and tablets to make purchases.

• Personalized experiences are becoming increasingly important, with eCommerce platforms using data to tailor recommendations and offers to individual customers.

• Social commerce is gaining popularity, with platforms like Instagram and Pinterest allowing users to shop directly from pos...read more

Update account with count of contact involves updating the account with the number of contacts associated with it.

• Create a function to update the account with the count of contacts

• Retrieve the contacts associated with the account

• Calculate the count of contacts

• Update the account with the count of contacts

Requirements are gathered through various techniques and methods.

• Conducting interviews with stakeholders to understand their needs and expectations

• Organizing workshops and brainstorming sessions to gather ideas and insights

• Analyzing existing documentation and systems to identify gaps and areas for improvement

• Creating surveys and questionnaires to collect feedback from users

• Observing users in their work environment to understand their workflows

• Using prototyping and mockups to ...read more

Recursion is a programming technique where a function calls itself in order to solve a problem.

• Identify the base case to stop the recursion

• Ensure the recursive call moves towards the base case

• Optimize recursion by using memoization or tail recursion

• Examples: factorial calculation, Fibonacci sequence

A project lifecycle is a series of phases that a project goes through from initiation to closure.

• A project lifecycle typically consists of phases such as initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control, and closure.

• Each phase has specific objectives, deliverables, and activities that need to be completed.

• The project lifecycle provides a structured approach to managing projects and ensures that all necessary tasks are completed.

• For example, in the initiation phase, the...read more

Async process in Salesforce allows for executing tasks in the background without blocking the main thread.

• Async processes in Salesforce are used to perform time-consuming operations without affecting the user experience.

• Apex provides @future annotation for asynchronous processing.

• Batch Apex is used for processing large data sets asynchronously.

• Queueable Apex allows chaining of asynchronous jobs.

• Platform Events can be used for real-time asynchronous processing.

Find duplicate characters and their count in a given string.

• Create an empty dictionary to store character count

• Iterate through the string and add characters to the dictionary

• If character already exists in the dictionary, increment its count

• Return the dictionary with character count

A C program that communicates with a database and retrieves data using host and indicator variables.

• Use appropriate database libraries and APIs to establish a connection with the database.

• Define host and indicator variables to store the fetched data.

• Write SQL queries to fetch the required data from the database.

• Execute the queries and retrieve the data into the host variables.

• Use the indicator variables to check for any errors or null values in the fetched data.

• Process the re...read more

Our approach to project management is tailored to the specific needs of each project, with a focus on clear communication and collaboration.

• We begin by identifying the project goals and defining the scope of work.

• We then create a detailed project plan, including timelines, milestones, and deliverables.

• Throughout the project, we prioritize clear communication and collaboration with all stakeholders.

• We regularly review progress and adjust the plan as needed to ensure we stay on...read more

Sorting an integer array without using built-in array methods.

• Implement a sorting algorithm such as bubble sort, insertion sort, or selection sort.

• Loop through the array and compare adjacent elements to swap them if necessary.

• Repeat the loop until the array is sorted in ascending or descending order.

Automating processes in Azure DevOps can be achieved through various methods.

• Use Azure Pipelines to create automated build and release pipelines

• Use Azure Functions to automate tasks and trigger events

• Use Azure Logic Apps to create workflows and automate processes

• Use Azure DevOps REST API to automate tasks and integrate with other tools

• Use Azure DevOps extensions to add custom functionality and automate tasks

A stakeholder is an individual or group who has an interest or influence in a project or organization.

• Stakeholders can include employees, customers, suppliers, shareholders, government agencies, and community members.

• They can have varying levels of influence and interest in the project or organization.

• Stakeholders often have different goals and expectations, which need to be managed and balanced.

• Identifying and engaging stakeholders is crucial for successful project managemen...read more

Different trigger patterns are used in software development to initiate actions based on specific events.

• Triggers can be based on time, user input, system events, etc.

• Examples include event-driven programming, polling triggers, and scheduled triggers.

IT companies can resolve timely deliveries by optimizing processes, improving communication, and utilizing project management tools.

• Optimize processes to streamline workflow and reduce delays

• Improve communication between teams and with clients to ensure clarity and alignment

• Utilize project management tools to track progress, set deadlines, and allocate resources effectively

Hashmap is unordered while LinkedHashmap maintains insertion order.

• Hashmap uses hashing to store key-value pairs while LinkedHashmap uses a doubly linked list to maintain order.

• Hashmap allows null values and one null key while LinkedHashmap does not allow null keys or values.

• Hashmap has O(1) time complexity for basic operations while LinkedHashmap has O(1) for insertion and deletion but O(n) for iteration.

• Example: Hashmap - HashMap map = new HashMap<>(); LinkedHashmap - Linke...read more

Project scope refers to the specific goals, deliverables, tasks, and boundaries of a project.

• Project scope defines the objectives and outcomes that need to be achieved.

• It outlines the tasks, activities, and resources required to complete the project.

• Scope boundaries define what is included and excluded from the project.

• It helps in setting realistic expectations and managing stakeholders.

• Examples: Developing a new software application, implementing a marketing campaign, constr...read more

Collections in Java are data structures that store and manipulate groups of objects.

• Collections framework provides interfaces (List, Set, Map) and classes (ArrayList, HashSet, HashMap) for storing and manipulating data.

• Collections offer methods for adding, removing, and accessing elements in a structured way.

• Collections can be used to sort, search, and iterate over elements efficiently.

• Example: ArrayList names = new ArrayList<>(); names.add("Alice"); names.add("Bob");

Threads in programming have a life cycle that includes creation, running, blocking, and termination.

• Threads are created using the Thread class in Java or pthread_create in C.

• Threads start running when the start() method is called.

• Threads can be blocked using methods like sleep(), wait(), or join().

• Threads terminate when their run() method completes or when explicitly stopped.

Object-oriented programming principles can be applied to manage database connections efficiently.

• Encapsulation: Encapsulate database connection details within a class to hide complexity.

• Inheritance: Use inheritance to create reusable database connection classes.

• Polymorphism: Implement polymorphism to switch between different types of database connections.

• Abstraction: Abstract database connection methods to simplify usage for other developers.

Routing in Angular determines which component to display based on the URL. Guards are used to control access to routes.

• Routing in Angular is based on the URL of the application. The Angular Router interprets a browser URL as an instruction to navigate to a client-generated view.

• Guards in Angular are used to control access to routes. There are different types of guards such as CanActivate, CanActivateChild, CanDeactivate, CanLoad, and Resolve.

• CanActivate guard is used to deter...read more

To prevent a user from changing the route without saving form changes, implement route guards and confirm navigation.

• Implement route guards to prevent navigation without saving form changes

• Use confirm navigation to prompt user before leaving the page

• Save form changes automatically or provide a save button for user to manually save

Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the development of Java applications by providing pre-configured settings and conventions.

• Spring Boot is built on top of the Spring framework and follows the convention over configuration principle.

• It provides a standalone executable JAR file that includes an embedded server, making it easy to deploy and run applications.

• Spring Boot offers auto-configuration, which automatically configures the application based on the dependencies pr...read more

OOPS concepts refer to Object-Oriented Programming concepts such as inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction. They are used to create modular, reusable, and maintainable code.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class. Example: Parent class 'Animal' and child class 'Dog'.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit. Example: Class 'Car' with private variables and public methods.

• Pol...read more

Inheritance is a mechanism in OOP where a class acquires properties and methods of another class.

• Inheritance allows code reusability and promotes code organization.

• A subclass can inherit properties and methods from a superclass.

• The subclass can also override or add new properties and methods.

• Example: Prime number program can have a superclass 'Number' and a subclass 'PrimeNumber' that inherits properties and methods from 'Number'.

Virtualization creates multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine, while container orchestration manages multiple containers on a single operating system instance.

• Virtualization creates a layer of abstraction between the hardware and the operating system, allowing multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical machine.

• Container orchestration manages the deployment, scaling, and management of multiple containers on a single operating system instance.

• Virtuali...read more

I have a strong track record of driving growth through strategic planning and implementation, focusing on adding value through innovative solutions.

• I believe in identifying opportunities for growth through market analysis and customer feedback.

• I have experience in developing and executing strategic plans to capitalize on growth opportunities.

• I prioritize adding value by implementing innovative solutions that drive efficiency and profitability.

• For example, in my previous role,...read more

To elicit requirements for a Digital Transformation journey, one can use various techniques such as stakeholder interviews, workshops, surveys, and analyzing existing systems.

• Conduct stakeholder interviews to understand their needs, pain points, and expectations.

• Organize workshops with key stakeholders to brainstorm ideas and gather requirements collaboratively.

• Distribute surveys to gather feedback and insights from a wider audience.

• Analyze existing systems, processes, and da...read more

Box model is a layout concept in CSS. To align div center, use margin: auto or flexbox.

• Box model is a way to represent an element's layout as a rectangular box with content, padding, border, and margin.

• To align a div center horizontally, use margin: auto. To align vertically, use flexbox with align-items: center and justify-content: center.

• Box-sizing property can be used to adjust the box model calculation to include or exclude padding and border.

• Box model is important for re...read more

Explanation of nth-child in CSS and click event in jQuery with semantic tags.

• nth-child is a CSS selector that selects elements based on their position in a parent element

• jQuery click event is used to trigger an action when an element is clicked

• Semantic tags like

  ,

  ,

• Example: $('article:nth-child(2)').click(function() { //code });

To manage an Agile project, focus on communication, collaboration, flexibility, and continuous improvement.

• Establish clear goals and priorities

• Encourage open communication and collaboration among team members

• Adapt to changes and be flexible in project planning

• Use iterative development cycles for continuous improvement

• Regularly review and reflect on progress to make necessary adjustments

API specs refer to the documentation that outlines the details of an API, while fragmentation refers to the breaking down of APIs into smaller components.

• API specs provide information on endpoints, request/response formats, authentication methods, etc.

• Fragmentation involves breaking down APIs into microservices for better scalability and flexibility.

• Examples of API specs include OpenAPI/Swagger documentation.

• Examples of fragmentation include breaking down a monolithic API int...read more

Create a Spring Boot controller and required classes for a scenario

• Create a controller class with @RestController annotation

• Define request mapping for different endpoints using @RequestMapping or @GetMapping/@PostMapping annotations

• Implement methods to handle different HTTP requests and return appropriate responses

• Use @Autowired annotation to inject dependencies like services or repositories

• Create service classes to handle business logic and interact with data repositories

• Def...read more

Entity Framework Code First is an approach to create database schema from code.

• Allows developers to define the database schema using C# or VB.NET code

• Enables automatic generation of database schema based on code

• Supports migrations to update the database schema as the code changes

Stop propagation is a method used to prevent event bubbling in the DOM.

• It is used when you want to stop an event from propagating to its parent elements.

• It can be used to prevent unwanted behavior caused by event bubbling.

• It is commonly used in JavaScript event handling.

• Example: event.stopPropagation()

• Example: Click me

Java 8 features include lambda expressions, streams, and functional interfaces. Spring Boot is a framework for building web applications.

• Java 8 introduced lambda expressions for functional programming

• Streams allow for efficient processing of large data sets

• Functional interfaces enable the use of lambda expressions

• Spring Boot simplifies the process of building web applications

• It includes embedded servers, auto-configuration, and easy deployment

• Spring Boot also supports various...read more

Use a hashmap to store character frequencies in a string.

• Iterate through the string and update the hashmap with character frequencies.

• Return the hashmap with character frequencies.

Commands on Routing and Switching for WiFi

• For routing: show ip route, ip route, ip default-gateway, ip route-cache

• For switching: show mac address-table, show interfaces, show vlan, show spanning-tree

• For WiFi: show wireless, show dot11, show wlan, show ap summary

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common software problems. .NET has several built-in design patterns.

• Design patterns help in creating maintainable and scalable code.

• Some common design patterns in .NET are Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Decorator.

• Singleton pattern ensures that only one instance of a class is created.

• Factory pattern provides a way to create objects without exposing the creation logic.

• Observer pattern allows objects to be notified of changes to anoth...read more

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they are of the same class.

• It is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.

• Examples include function overloading, operator overloading, and inheritance.

• Polymorphism helps in achieving loose coupling and flexibility in code design.

Handled projects with diverse architecture styles and requirements.

• Managed projects with modern and traditional architectural styles

• Experience with commercial, residential, and institutional projects

• Implemented sustainable design principles in projects

• Collaborated with architects, engineers, and clients to achieve project goals

Linux commands are essential for Support Engineers to troubleshoot issues and manage systems efficiently.

• Use 'ps' command to view running processes and their details

• Use 'grep' command to search for specific text in files or output

• Use 'top' command to monitor system resources and processes in real-time

• Use 'tail' command to view the last few lines of a file, helpful for log files

• Use 'netstat' command to display network connections, routing tables, and interface statistics

Use SQL query with subquery to find second highest salary.

• Use ORDER BY and LIMIT to get the second highest salary.

• Use a subquery to exclude the highest salary from the result set.

• Example: SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees);

Abstraction is the process of simplifying complex systems by focusing on essential details.

• Abstraction involves hiding unnecessary details and focusing on important ones.

• It helps in reducing complexity and making systems easier to understand and use.

• Examples of abstraction include programming languages, where complex code is abstracted into simpler functions and classes.

• Another example is a car dashboard, which abstracts the complex workings of the car into simple indicators ...read more

Google search uses complex algorithms to analyze web pages and provide relevant results to user queries.

• Google crawls and indexes web pages using bots

• PageRank algorithm ranks pages based on relevance and authority

• Search queries are matched with indexed pages using various factors

• Results are displayed based on relevance and user location

• Google also uses machine learning to improve search results

Webseries is a series of videos released online, while API is a set of rules and protocols for building and interacting with software applications.

• Webseries is a collection of videos released online, often in episodes or seasons.

• API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and protocols that allows different software applications to communicate with each other.

• Webseries are typically consumed by viewers for entertainment purposes, while APIs are used by developer...read more

Mule ESB is a lightweight Java-based enterprise service bus (ESB) and integration platform that allows developers to connect applications quickly and easily.

• Mule ESB enables developers to integrate applications, services, and APIs through a variety of connectors and components.

• It provides a graphical design environment for building integration flows, known as Mule Flows.

• Mule ESB supports various communication protocols such as HTTP, JMS, JDBC, and more.

• It offers features like...read more

Yes, Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

• Node.js is used for server-side scripting and building scalable network applications.

• It allows developers to use JavaScript for both client-side and server-side development.

• Node.js has a large ecosystem of open-source libraries and frameworks like Express.js.

• It is commonly used for building real-time web applications, APIs, and microservices.

A virtual agent is a computer program or AI system that interacts with users to provide assistance or information.

• Virtual agents can be used in customer service to answer questions and provide support.

• They can also be used in chatbots to simulate human conversation.

• Virtual agents can be programmed to handle a wide range of tasks, from booking appointments to troubleshooting technical issues.

I prefer WFH (Work From Home) for its flexibility and convenience.

• WFH allows for a better work-life balance

• WFH eliminates commute time and costs

• WFH can increase productivity for some individuals

Fact tables contain quantitative data that can be measured, while dimension tables contain descriptive attributes related to the facts.

• Fact tables store numerical data such as sales revenue, quantity sold, etc.

• Dimension tables store descriptive attributes like product name, customer name, etc.

• Fact tables are typically larger in size compared to dimension tables.

• Fact tables are connected to dimension tables through foreign keys.

Memory handling in conversational AI involves managing data storage and retrieval efficiently.

• Use efficient data structures to store and retrieve information

• Implement caching mechanisms to reduce memory usage

• Optimize algorithms for processing large amounts of data

• Consider using cloud-based storage solutions for scalability

• Monitor memory usage and performance regularly

In Java, there are 4 types of inheritance: Single, Multilevel, Hierarchical, and Multiple.

• Single inheritance involves one class inheriting from another class.

• Multilevel inheritance involves a class inheriting from a class that has already inherited from another class.

• Hierarchical inheritance involves multiple classes inheriting from a single class.

• Multiple inheritance involves a class inheriting from multiple classes, which is not supported in Java.

OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions.

• OOPs is based on the concept of classes and objects.

• It emphasizes on encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Encapsulation refers to the binding of data and functions that manipulate the data.

• Inheritance allows the creation of a new class from an existing class.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were of the same c...read more