Autoplant Systems India Pvt.Ltd Senior Hardware Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Advantage and disadvantage of framework.
Ans. 
Frameworks provide structure and pre-built components for software development, but can also limit flexibility and require learning curve.
• Advantage: Provides structure and pre-built components for faster development

• Advantage: Can improve code quality and maintainability

• Disadvantage: Can limit flexibility and customization

• Disadvantage: Requires learning curve and potential dependency issues

• Example: ReactJS provides a fr...read more
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Q1. What is Oops? Advantage and disadvantage
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Oops stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent real-world entities.
• Advantages: code reusability, modularity, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism

• Disadvantages: complexity, steep learning curve, performance overhead

• Example: creating a class 'Car' with properties like 'make', 'model', and 'year', and methods like 'start_engine' and 'stop_engine'
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Coding test with 2 questions

Q1. System Design with LLD implementation
Ans. 
System design involves creating a high-level design of a software system, followed by implementing the detailed low-level design.
• Start by understanding the requirements and constraints of the system

• Create a high-level design that outlines the components and interactions of the system

• Implement the detailed low-level design, considering factors like scalability, performance, and maintainability

• Use tools like UML diagrams...read more
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Q1. System Design with HLD
Ans. 
System Design with HLD involves designing the high-level architecture of a software system.
• Understand the requirements and constraints of the system

• Identify the components and their interactions

• Consider scalability, reliability, and performance

• Use design patterns and best practices

• Create diagrams like UML or flowcharts to visualize the design
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Q1. What you do when your wifi is not connected with other device and you didn't get password
Ans. 
Try to troubleshoot the wifi connection issue by checking settings, restarting devices, and seeking help from IT support.
• Check if the wifi is turned on and the correct network is selected

• Restart the wifi router and the device

• Contact IT support for assistance in retrieving the password
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Q2. Find maximum value given an array with numbers and you can jump to any number and the value is jump length multiplied by value of location
Ans. 
Iterate through array, calculate value at each index, keep track of maximum value
• Iterate through the array and calculate the value at each index by multiplying jump length with value of location

• Keep track of the maximum value encountered during the iteration

• Return the maximum value found
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Write a program to solve a challenging programming and algorithm problem.

Q1. Write a program to solve a challenging programming and algorithm problem.
Ans. 
Program to find the maximum subarray sum using Kadane's algorithm
• Initialize max_so_far and max_ending_here to 0

• Iterate through the array and update max_ending_here with the maximum of current element or current element + max_ending_here

• Update max_so_far with the maximum of max_so_far and max_ending_here
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Q2. Write a program to solve a second challenging programming and algorithm problem.
Ans. 
Implement a program to find the longest common subsequence of two strings.
• Use dynamic programming to solve this problem efficiently.

• Create a 2D array to store the lengths of longest common subsequences of substrings.

• Trace back the array to reconstruct the longest common subsequence.
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Traverse through a matrix of uppercase english alphabets to find a given word. you are allowed to make up to k jumps, and same position can be repeated too.

Q1. Compression of 0-1 matrix of particular size.
Ans. 
Compression of 0-1 matrix involves reducing the size of the matrix by storing only the necessary information.
• Use run-length encoding to compress the matrix by storing consecutive repeated values as a single value and count.

• Identify patterns in the matrix that can be represented more efficiently.

• Consider using sparse matrix representation if the matrix has a lot of zeros.

• Implement efficient algorithms to compress and de...read more
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Q1. Topological sort to get list of operations to be performed.
Ans. 
Topological sort is used to order a directed graph's nodes in a way that all edges go from earlier to later nodes.
• Create a graph data structure to represent the dependencies between operations.

• Use a depth-first search algorithm to perform the topological sort.

• Start by selecting a node with no incoming edges as the first operation to be performed.

• Remove this node and its outgoing edges from the graph, then repeat the pr...read more
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Q2. Transliteration logic for European languages
Ans. 
Transliteration logic converts text from one script to another, typically preserving pronunciation.
• Transliteration is not the same as translation, it focuses on converting characters from one script to another.

• Commonly used for European languages like Greek, Cyrillic, and Latin scripts.

• Transliteration rules vary by language, for example, converting Cyrillic 'ш' to Latin 'sh'.
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Data structures, Algorithms

Data Structures, Algorithms

Q1. Design a IP blocking system
Ans. 
Design an IP blocking system to prevent unauthorized access to a network.
• 1. Maintain a list of blacklisted IP addresses.

• 2. Implement a firewall to block incoming traffic from blacklisted IPs.

• 3. Regularly update the blacklist based on security threats.

• 4. Consider implementing rate limiting to prevent brute force attacks.

• 5. Monitor and log blocked IP addresses for analysis.
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