AIS Technolabs Technical Architect Interview Questions and Answers

Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM in React, used for efficient updates.

• Virtual DOM is a concept where a lightweight copy of the actual DOM is created in memory.

• When changes are made to the virtual DOM, React compares it with the actual DOM to identify the minimal number of updates needed.

• This process helps in optimizing performance by reducing the number of actual DOM manipulations.

• Example: When a use...read more

Implementing passwordless system involves using alternative authentication methods.

• Use email or SMS verification codes

• Implement biometric authentication

• Utilize hardware security keys

• Implement OAuth or OpenID Connect for single sign-on

• Leverage FIDO2 standards for passwordless authentication

To create a cookieless system, use alternative methods like local storage or URL parameters for tracking user data.

• Use local storage to store user data on the client side

• Utilize URL parameters to pass data between pages

• Implement server-side session management for user authentication

• Consider using JSON Web Tokens (JWT) for secure data transmission

S.O.L.I.D principles are a set of five design principles in object-oriented programming to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.

• Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) - A class should have only one reason to change.

• Open/Closed Principle (OCP) - Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) - Objects of a superclass should b...read more

Non functional requirements are criteria that specify how a system should behave, rather than what it should do.

• Performance - system should respond within 2 seconds for all user interactions

• Scalability - system should be able to handle 1000 concurrent users

• Reliability - system should have a 99.99% uptime

• Security - system should encrypt all sensitive data

• Usability - system should have a user-friendly interface

Improve legacy app performance by optimizing code, implementing caching, and scaling resources.

• Optimize code by identifying and removing bottlenecks

• Implement caching to reduce database calls and improve response time

• Scale resources by using containers or serverless architecture

• Use asynchronous processing for long-running tasks

• Upgrade hardware or infrastructure if necessary

Security in microservices involves implementing authentication, authorization, encryption, and monitoring to protect data and services.

• Implement authentication and authorization mechanisms to control access to microservices.

• Use encryption to secure communication between microservices and external clients.

• Implement monitoring and logging to detect and respond to security incidents.

• Consider using API gateways for central...read more

Microservices architecture for a wealth management app involves breaking down the application into smaller, independent services.

• Each microservice focuses on a specific business function, such as client onboarding, portfolio management, or reporting.

• Services communicate through APIs, allowing for flexibility and scalability.

• Each microservice can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently, leading to faster develo...read more

Design a user access control system with granular control for pages, controls, data, and response masking.

• Implement role-based access control (RBAC) to assign permissions to users based on their roles.

• Utilize attribute-based access control (ABAC) for more fine-grained control over access to specific pages, controls, and data.

• Implement data masking techniques to ensure sensitive information is not exposed in responses.

• U...read more

Optimizing sparse array access involves using data structures like hash maps or trees to efficiently store and retrieve values.

• Use a hash map to store only non-null values and their corresponding indices.

• Implement a tree-based data structure like a binary search tree or a trie for faster access to sparse array elements.

• Consider using a compressed sparse row (CSR) format for large sparse arrays to reduce memory usage an

Static methods are bound to a class and not an instance, while class methods are bound to a class and can access class-level variables.

• Static methods are defined using the @staticmethod decorator and do not take any special parameters.

• Class methods are defined using the @classmethod decorator and take the class itself as the first parameter.

• Static methods are often used for utility functions that do not require access ...read more

HTTP methods are the actions that can be performed on a resource using HTTP protocol.

• HTTP methods include GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, CONNECT, and TRACE.

• GET is used to retrieve a resource, POST is used to create a new resource, PUT is used to update an existing resource, and DELETE is used to delete a resource.

• HEAD is used to retrieve the headers of a resource without the body, OPTIONS is used to retrieve th...read more

HTTP request components include method, URL, headers, and body.

• Method: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.

• URL: Uniform Resource Locator

• Headers: contain additional information about the request

• Body: optional data sent with the request

• Example: GET http://example.com HTTP/1.1

• Example header: Accept-Language: en-US

• Example body: {"name": "John", "age": 30}

Class decorators are a way to modify the behavior of a class or its methods at runtime.

• Class decorators are functions that take a class as input and return a modified class.

• They can be used to add new methods or attributes to a class, or to modify existing ones.

• They are applied using the @decorator syntax before the class definition.

• Examples include @staticmethod, @classmethod, and @property.

• Class decorators can also b...read more