Affine Senior Data Scientist Associate Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

A coding test was administered to address several machine learning problem statements.

Q1. Mention some metric in ML and explain the tradeoffs between them
Ans. 
ML metrics help evaluate model performance, each with trade-offs affecting accuracy, interpretability, and application.
• Accuracy vs. Precision: High accuracy may come with low precision in imbalanced datasets. Example: Classifying rare diseases.

• Recall vs. F1 Score: High recall may lower F1 score, impacting balance in precision and recall. Example: Fraud detection.

• ROC-AUC vs. PR-AUC: ROC-AUC is sensitive to class imbalan...read more
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Q2. How does the xgboost algorithm works , with explanation on every steps
Ans. 
XGBoost is an efficient implementation of gradient boosting that optimizes performance and accuracy through ensemble learning.
• 1. **Gradient Boosting Framework**: XGBoost builds models in a sequential manner, where each new model corrects errors made by the previous ones.

• 2. **Decision Trees**: It primarily uses decision trees as base learners, where each tree is built to minimize the loss function.

• 3. **Regularization**:...read more
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Q1. Write a program to reverse an array of integers and strings?
Ans. 
This program reverses an array containing both integers and strings.
• Use a loop to iterate through the array from the last index to the first.

• Create a new array to store the reversed elements.

• Example: For input ['apple', 1, 'banana', 2], output should be [2, 'banana', 1, 'apple'].
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Q2. Write a program to count the maximum repetitive integer among one array?
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Q3. Project discussion and why use specific algorithm
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Q4. How does linear programming algorithm works ?
Ans. 
Linear programming optimizes a linear objective function subject to linear constraints, finding the best outcome in a feasible region.
• Linear programming involves maximizing or minimizing a linear objective function.

• Constraints are linear inequalities that define the feasible region.

• The feasible region is typically a convex polygon in multi-dimensional space.

• The Simplex method is a popular algorithm used to solve linear...read more
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