20+ Business Standard Interview Questions and Answers

Bearing is a device that supports and reduces friction between moving parts. Gear train is a system of gears that transmit power. Gear box is a device that houses gears and controls their speed. Octane number measures a fuel's resistance to knocking. Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to conduct heat. Heat transfer rate is the amount of heat transferred per unit time.

• Bearing is used in machines to support rotating or moving parts.

• Types of bearings include ball ...read more

No, petrol cannot be used in a diesel engine and vice versa due to differences in fuel properties and engine design.

• Petrol and diesel have different chemical compositions and ignition properties.

• Petrol engines use spark plugs to ignite the fuel-air mixture, while diesel engines rely on compression ignition.

• Using the wrong fuel can damage the engine and lead to poor performance or even engine failure.

• For example, using petrol in a diesel engine can cause incomplete combustion,...read more

Gears are mechanical devices that transmit power and motion between rotating shafts. There are various types of gears.

• Gears are toothed wheels that mesh with each other to transmit power and motion.

• They are used to change the speed, torque, and direction of rotation in machines.

• Common types of gears include spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears.

• Spur gears have straight teeth and are used for parallel shafts.

• Helical gears have angled tee...read more

Casting is a manufacturing process where a liquid material is poured into a mold and allowed to solidify. Types of welding include MIG, TIG, and stick welding. Runners and risers are components of the casting process.

• Casting involves pouring a liquid material into a mold and allowing it to solidify

• Types of welding include MIG, TIG, and stick welding

• Runners are channels that allow the molten material to flow into the mold

• Risers are reservoirs that provide additional material t...read more

Cycle time is the time required to complete a process or operation.

• Cycle time is an important metric in production and manufacturing.

• It helps in identifying bottlenecks and improving efficiency.

• It can be measured using various tools such as stopwatches, sensors, and software.

• Quality is also an important aspect of production and can be measured using various techniques such as statistical process control.

• Jh and boiler are specific equipment used in certain industries such as p...read more

Turbines are used to convert fluid energy into mechanical energy. There are various types of turbines.

• Types of turbines include steam turbines, gas turbines, and hydraulic turbines.

• Steam turbines are used in power plants to generate electricity by using steam to rotate the turbine blades.

• Gas turbines are commonly used in aircraft propulsion and power generation.

• Hydraulic turbines are used in hydroelectric power plants to convert the energy of flowing water into mechanical ene...read more

CPM and PERT are project management techniques used to plan and schedule tasks.

• CPM stands for Critical Path Method and PERT stands for Program Evaluation and Review Technique.

• CPM is used for projects with known activity times, while PERT is used for projects with uncertain activity times.

• CPM uses a single time estimate for each activity, while PERT uses three time estimates (optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely) to calculate expected activity times.

• CPM focuses on identify...read more

Tig welding, rolling, milling, shaper and planer are all different manufacturing processes used in metalworking.

• Tig welding is a type of arc welding that uses a tungsten electrode to produce the weld.

• Rolling is a process of reducing the thickness of a metal sheet or plate by passing it through a set of rollers.

• Milling is a process of cutting and shaping metal using a rotating cutting tool.

• Shaper is a machine tool used for shaping metal or other materials by removing material ...read more

Casting and welding defects are common in production. Casting defects include porosity, shrinkage, and misruns. Welding defects include cracks, porosity, and incomplete fusion.

• Casting defects can be caused by improper mold design, incorrect pouring temperature, or inadequate cooling time.

• Porosity is a common casting defect caused by trapped gas in the molten metal.

• Shrinkage occurs when the metal cools and contracts, causing voids in the casting.

• Misruns happen when the metal d...read more

Production is the process of creating goods or services, while manufacturing is the process of making physical products.

• Production involves both goods and services, while manufacturing is limited to physical products.

• Production is a broader term that includes manufacturing as a subset.

• Manufacturing involves the use of machinery and tools to create physical products.

• Production can be done manually or with the help of machines.

• Examples of production include software development...read more

2 stroke engines have simpler design and produce more power, but are less fuel efficient and emit more pollution than 4 stroke engines.

• 2 stroke engines complete a power cycle in one revolution of the crankshaft, while 4 stroke engines complete it in two revolutions

• 2 stroke engines have fewer moving parts and are lighter than 4 stroke engines

• 2 stroke engines produce more power per unit of displacement than 4 stroke engines, but are less fuel efficient

• 2 stroke engines emit more...read more

A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated to generate steam or hot water.

• Boilers are commonly used in industries for various purposes such as power generation, heating, and processing.

• They work by transferring heat from a fuel source to the water or fluid inside the boiler.

• The heated water or fluid then circulates through pipes or tubes to provide heat or generate steam.

• Boilers can be classified into different types based on their design, fuel type, ...read more

Jigs and fixtures are devices used to hold and guide workpieces during manufacturing processes.

• Jigs are used to guide and control the cutting or machining tools.

• Fixtures are used to hold the workpiece in place during the manufacturing process.

• They increase production efficiency and accuracy while reducing costs.

• Examples include drill jigs, welding fixtures, and assembly fixtures.

The interview question is about lean methodologies, 5S, Kaizen, TPM, and the difference between efficiency and effectiveness.

• 5S is a methodology for workplace organization and standardization

• Kaizen is a continuous improvement methodology

• TPM stands for Total Productive Maintenance and is focused on maximizing equipment effectiveness

• Lean is a philosophy that aims to eliminate waste and improve efficiency

• Efficiency is doing things right, while effectiveness is doing the right th...read more

Gating system is a network of channels that delivers molten metal to the mold cavity during casting.

• It consists of sprue, runner, gates, and risers.

• Sprue is the main channel that connects the pouring basin to the runner.

• Runner is a channel that connects the sprue to the gates.

• Gates are openings in the mold cavity that control the flow of molten metal.

• Risers are reservoirs that provide additional molten metal to compensate for shrinkage during solidification.

• The gating system ...read more

Allowances in casting refer to the additional dimensions added to the pattern to compensate for shrinkage and other factors during the casting process.

• Allowances are added to the pattern to ensure the final casting is the correct size and shape.

• Shrinkage allowance compensates for the reduction in size of the casting as it cools and solidifies.

• Draft allowance is added to the pattern to allow for easy removal from the mold.

• Finish allowance is added to the pattern to allow for m...read more

Bearings are machine elements that reduce friction between moving parts.

• Plain bearings

• Rolling element bearings

• Jewel bearings

• Fluid bearings

• Magnetic bearings

Productivity is the measure of output per unit of input. Time and motion study is a technique used to improve productivity by analyzing work processes.

• Productivity is the ratio of output to input, usually measured in terms of labor, time, or capital.

• Time and motion study is a method of analyzing work processes to identify inefficiencies and improve productivity.

• This involves breaking down tasks into smaller components, measuring the time taken to complete each component, and ...read more

Testing procedures for MDF products according to BIS standards

• Testing for physical properties like density, moisture content, and thickness

• Testing for mechanical properties like modulus of rupture and internal bond strength

• Testing for formaldehyde emission levels to ensure compliance with BIS standards

• Testing for dimensional stability and surface soundness

• Examples of tests include BIS 1734, BIS 3087, and BIS 12406

Implemented a lean manufacturing project resulting in 20% cost reduction.

• Analyzed the entire manufacturing process to identify inefficiencies

• Implemented lean principles to eliminate waste and improve efficiency

• Reduced inventory levels and improved supply chain management

• Negotiated better pricing with suppliers

• Trained employees on new processes and procedures

• Resulted in a 20% reduction in overall manufacturing costs

TPM stands for Total Productive Maintenance. It is a systematic approach to equipment maintenance that aims to maximize productivity.

• TPM involves all employees in the maintenance process

• The 8 TPM pillars include: Autonomous Maintenance, Planned Maintenance, Quality Maintenance, Training and Education, Early Equipment Management, Office TPM, Safety, and Environment

• Autonomous Maintenance involves operators taking responsibility for basic maintenance tasks

• Planned Maintenance inv...read more

Density of different wood species varies based on factors like moisture content and growth conditions.

• Wood density is typically measured in pounds per cubic foot or grams per cubic centimeter.

• Hardwoods like oak and maple tend to have higher densities than softwoods like pine and cedar.

• The density of wood can also vary within the same species depending on factors like age and location of growth.

Resins are materials that can be natural or synthetic and are used in various industries for their adhesive, insulating, and protective properties.

• Epoxy resin: used in adhesives, coatings, and composite materials

• Polyester resin: used in fiberglass reinforced plastics

• Phenolic resin: used in coatings, adhesives, and molded products

• Polyurethane resin: used in coatings, adhesives, and sealants

• Silicone resin: used in coatings, electrical insulation, and medical devices

The process of production involves converting raw materials or components into finished goods through various stages.

• 1. Planning: Determine the product to be made, materials needed, and production schedule.

• 2. Sourcing: Acquire raw materials or components from suppliers.

• 3. Manufacturing: Transform raw materials into finished goods through assembly or processing.

• 4. Quality control: Inspect and test products to ensure they meet standards.

• 5. Packaging: Prepare finished goods for ...read more

Various angles of cutting saw refer to the different angles at which a saw blade can be positioned for cutting materials.

• Different angles of cutting saw include 90 degrees (perpendicular), 45 degrees (miter cut), and 30 degrees (bevel cut).

• These angles allow for different types of cuts to be made depending on the material and desired outcome.

• Adjusting the angle of the cutting saw blade can result in more precise and accurate cuts.

• Examples of cutting saws with various angles i...read more

Inventory control systems can be classified into three types: perpetual, periodic, and just-in-time.

• Perpetual inventory system maintains a continuous record of inventory levels and is updated in real-time.

• Periodic inventory system involves taking physical inventory counts at regular intervals and updating the records accordingly.

• Just-in-time inventory system is a lean approach that aims to minimize inventory levels by ordering and receiving goods only when they are needed.

• Exa...read more

Maintain accurate records, conduct regular audits, implement inventory management software

• Maintain accurate records of all inventory items

• Conduct regular audits to identify discrepancies and prevent theft

• Implement inventory management software to track inventory levels and streamline processes

Power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power in an electrical system.

• Leading power factor: When the load is capacitive, the current leads the voltage.

• Lagging power factor: When the load is inductive, the current lags the voltage.

• Unity power factor: When the load is purely resistive, the current is in phase with the voltage.

• Power factor correction: Techniques used to improve power factor and reduce reactive power.

• Example: A motor with a lagging power factor requir...read more