Senior Software

20+ Senior Software Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 7 Jul 2025
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2d ago

Q. Design an application like BookMyShow. How would you handle the scenario if two people try to book the same seat at the same time?

Ans.

Implement a system to prevent double booking of the same seat in a bookmyshow-like application.

  • Implement a locking mechanism to prevent simultaneous booking of the same seat by two users.

  • Use a transactional approach to ensure atomicity of seat booking process.

  • Display real-time seat availability to users to avoid conflicts.

  • Notify users if the seat they are trying to book is no longer available.

  • Implement a queue system to handle simultaneous booking requests for the same seat.

Asked in CGI Group

2d ago

Q. Given a mixed array of letters and numbers, sort the array without using default sort methods. Numbers should be in descending order, and letters should be in ascending order. For example, given arr = ['a', 1,...

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Ans.

Sort an array with letters in ascending and numbers in descending order without using default sort methods.

  • Separate letters and numbers into two different arrays. Example: letters = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], numbers = [1, 3, 5, 6].

  • Sort the letters array using a simple sorting algorithm like bubble sort or selection sort.

  • Sort the numbers array in descending order using a similar sorting algorithm.

  • Combine the sorted letters and numbers arrays into the final output format.

Asked in UKG

2d ago

Q. Given two strings, find the smallest substring in the first string that contains all the letters in the second string.

Ans.

Find the smallest substring in s1 that contains all characters from s2.

  • Use a sliding window approach to maintain a window of characters in s1.

  • Keep a count of characters in s2 using a hash map.

  • Expand the window by moving the right pointer and contract it by moving the left pointer when all characters are found.

  • Example: s1 = 'ADOBECODEBANC', s2 = 'ABC' -> smallest substring is 'BANC'.

  • Check if the current window contains all characters from s2 by comparing counts.

Asked in Credera

5d ago

Q. Explain each concept with a real-life example.

Ans.

Explanation of concepts with real-life examples

  • Abstraction: Using a TV remote without knowing the internal circuitry

  • Encapsulation: A car driver only needs to know how to drive, not how the engine works

  • Inheritance: A child inheriting traits from their parents

  • Polymorphism: A shape can take on different forms, such as a square or a triangle

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Asked in CGI Group

6d ago

Q. Given an array, how would you divide it into sub-arrays of 4 elements each, ensuring no repeating patterns?

Ans.

Divide an array into 4 unique elements ensuring no repetition of patterns.

  • Identify unique elements in the array. Example: ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'a'] -> unique: ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

  • Group elements into sets of 4. Example: ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] can be grouped as ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'].

  • Ensure no element appears more than once in each group. Example: ['a', 'b', 'a', 'c'] is invalid.

  • If the array has fewer than 4 unique elements, it's impossible to create a valid group.

Asked in UKG

2d ago

Q. What is Service Registry, Hibernate, Microservices pattern

Ans.

Service Registry is a centralized directory for managing information about services. Hibernate is an ORM tool for Java. Microservices pattern is an architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services.

  • Service Registry is used for service discovery, load balancing, and failover in microservices architecture.

  • Hibernate is an ORM tool that maps Java objects to database tables and vice versa, simplifying database interactions.

  • Microservices...read more

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Asked in FireEye

1d ago

Q. The interviewer asked to build upon the logic implemented in the URL reputation service.

Ans.

A URL reputation service assesses the safety and trustworthiness of URLs to prevent malicious activities.

  • Utilizes a database of known malicious URLs to check against incoming requests.

  • Employs machine learning algorithms to analyze URL patterns and predict potential threats.

  • Incorporates user feedback to improve the accuracy of reputation scores over time.

  • Can categorize URLs into different risk levels (e.g., safe, suspicious, malicious).

  • Integrates with web browsers and security...read more

Asked in Accenture

2d ago

Q. What are the SOLID principles?

Ans.

SOLID principles are a set of five design principles for writing maintainable and scalable software.

  • S - Single Responsibility Principle

  • O - Open/Closed Principle

  • L - Liskov Substitution Principle

  • I - Interface Segregation Principle

  • D - Dependency Inversion Principle

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Q. What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous operations?

Ans.

Sync is blocking, while Async is non-blocking.

  • Sync operations block the execution of the program until the operation is completed.

  • Async operations allow the program to continue executing while the operation is being completed in the background.

  • Sync operations are simpler to implement and reason about, but can lead to performance issues.

  • Async operations require more complex code, but can improve performance and responsiveness.

  • Examples of Sync operations include reading a file ...read more

Asked in ParentPay

3d ago

Q. How do you implement caching in web APIs?

Ans.

Caching in web APIs improves performance by storing frequently accessed data

  • Use in-memory caching for fast access to data

  • Implement output caching to store responses for future requests

  • Consider using distributed caching for scalability

  • Set appropriate cache expiration policies to ensure data freshness

Asked in Altimetrik

4d ago

Q. Write a function to remove all repeated characters from a given string.

Ans.

Remove repeated letters from a given string

  • Iterate through the string and keep track of seen letters

  • Use a set to store unique letters and build the result string

Asked in Credera

4d ago

Q. Explain MVC Routing.

Ans.

MVC Routing is a mechanism to map incoming requests to specific controller actions.

  • Routing is used to define URL patterns and map them to specific actions in the controller.

  • It helps to create clean and SEO-friendly URLs.

  • Routing can also be used to pass parameters to the controller action.

  • MVC Routing is a part of the ASP.NET framework.

  • Example: RouteConfig.cs file in ASP.NET MVC application defines the routing rules.

5d ago

Q. What are the hooks in Angular?

Ans.

Hooks in Angular are functions that allow developers to execute code at specific points in the component's lifecycle.

  • Hooks are used to perform tasks like initialization, change detection, and destruction in Angular components.

  • Examples of hooks in Angular include ngOnInit, ngOnChanges, ngOnDestroy, etc.

Asked in Credera

3d ago

Q. Can you give a real-life example of polymorphism?

Ans.

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. A real-life example is a vehicle.

  • Polymorphism allows a vehicle object to take on different forms such as car, truck, or motorcycle

  • Each form has its own unique properties and methods, but they all share common characteristics such as having wheels and an engine

  • Polymorphism allows for more efficient and flexible code as it allows for the use of a single class to represent multiple objects

Asked in TO THE NEW

4d ago

Q. What is an IIFE function?

Ans.

An IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression) is a JavaScript function that runs as soon as it is defined.

  • IIFE is defined using function syntax followed by parentheses: (function() { /* code */ })();

  • It creates a new scope, preventing variable collisions in the global scope.

  • Commonly used for module patterns and encapsulating code.

  • Example: (function() { var x = 10; console.log(x); })(); // Outputs 10

  • IIFEs can also accept parameters: (function(a, b) { return a + b; })(5, 10)...read more

Asked in ParentPay

1d ago

Q. What are the disadvantages of the repository pattern?

Ans.

One disadvantage of the repository pattern is the potential for over-abstraction and complexity.

  • Can lead to unnecessary complexity in simple applications

  • May result in additional overhead and performance issues

  • Difficult to implement complex queries efficiently

  • Can lead to code duplication if not properly managed

Asked in Selegic

2d ago

Q. What is an event loop?

Ans.

Event loop is a mechanism in programming that allows for asynchronous execution of code by continuously checking for and handling events.

  • Event loop is commonly used in JavaScript to handle asynchronous operations.

  • It allows for non-blocking I/O operations by delegating tasks to the operating system.

  • Event loop processes events in a queue and executes associated callback functions.

  • Example: In Node.js, the event loop allows for handling multiple requests concurrently without bloc...read more

Asked in Infosys

2d ago

Q. what is hoisting

Ans.

Hoisting is a JavaScript mechanism where variable and function declarations are moved to the top of their containing scope during the compilation phase.

  • Variable and function declarations are hoisted to the top of their scope.

  • Only declarations are hoisted, not initializations.

  • Function declarations take precedence over variable declarations.

  • Hoisting can lead to unexpected behavior if not understood properly.

Asked in Cheq Digital

1d ago

Q. Design the LLD for an Instagram like system.

Ans.

Design a scalable Instagram-like system for photo sharing, user interactions, and social networking.

  • User Authentication: Implement OAuth for secure login and registration.

  • Photo Upload: Use cloud storage (e.g., AWS S3) for storing images.

  • Feed Generation: Create an algorithm to display posts based on user preferences and interactions.

  • Comments and Likes: Design a relational database schema to handle likes and comments efficiently.

  • User Profiles: Allow users to create and edit pro...read more

Asked in ParentPay

2d ago

Q. Anagrams program.

Ans.

An anagrams program checks if two strings are anagrams of each other.

  • Create a function that takes in two strings as input

  • Remove any spaces and punctuation from the strings

  • Convert both strings to lowercase for case-insensitive comparison

  • Sort the characters in both strings

  • Check if the sorted strings are equal to determine if they are anagrams

2d ago

Q. What are the principles of OOP in C#?

Ans.

Object-oriented programming principles in C# include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

  • Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

  • Inheritance: Allowing a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

  • Polymorphism: Allowing objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

  • Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features.

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