10+ Senior Member of Technical Staff Interview Questions and Answers

Design a machine learning system for Quora to enhance question-answering and user engagement.

• User Profiling: Analyze user interests and past interactions to personalize question recommendations.

• Content Ranking: Use NLP to rank answers based on relevance, quality, and user engagement metrics.

• Spam Detection: Implement ML models to identify and filter out spam or low-quality content.

• Collaborative Filtering: Suggest questions to users based on similar user behavior and preference...read more

Reverse LL using recursion, Find path in btree closest to sum K

• Implement a recursive function to reverse a linked list

• Traverse the binary tree to find all paths and calculate their sums

• Keep track of the path with sum closest to K

Rearrange each row of a binary matrix to move all zeros to the front.

• Iterate through each row of the matrix.

• Count the number of zeros and ones in the row.

• Construct a new row with all zeros followed by all ones.

• Example: For row [1, 0, 1, 0], the result is [0, 0, 1, 1].

• This can be done in O(n) time for each row.

Kubernetes is an open-source platform for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• Kubernetes networking uses a flat network model, allowing all pods to communicate with each other without NAT.

• etcd is a distributed key-value store used for storing Kubernetes cluster data, ensuring high availability and consistency.

• Kubernetes services abstract pod access, enabling load balancing and service discovery; for example, a ClusterIP service.

• Network...read more

Determine if a dictionary contains nested dictionaries recursively.

• Check if the value of each key is a dictionary using isinstance(value, dict).

• Recursively call the function for each nested dictionary.

• Example: {'a': {'b': {}}} is nested; {'a': 1} is not.

• Use a base case to stop recursion when a non-dictionary value is found.

Efficiently insert an interval into a sorted list of intervals while maintaining order in O(log n) time.

• Use binary search to find the correct position for the new interval.

• Merge overlapping intervals after insertion to maintain the sorted order.

• Example: Inserting [5, 7] into [[1, 3], [6, 9]] results in [[1, 3], [5, 7], [6, 9]].

• Utilize a data structure like a balanced BST for efficient interval management.

Find second largest in o(n) complexity

• Use two variables to keep track of largest and second largest

• Traverse the array once and update variables accordingly

Understanding the internal workings of a tech stack involves layers of software and hardware that work together to deliver applications.

• A tech stack typically consists of the front-end, back-end, and database layers.

• Front-end technologies include HTML, CSS, and JavaScript frameworks like React or Angular.

• Back-end technologies can include languages like Python, Ruby, or Java, often using frameworks like Django or Spring.

• Databases can be SQL (like MySQL) or NoSQL (like MongoDB)...read more

Implementing stack using queues involves using two queues to simulate the behavior of a stack.

• Create two queues, q1 and q2

• Push operation: Enqueue the element to q1

• Pop operation: Dequeue all elements from q1 to q2 except the last one, which is returned as the popped element

• Swap the names of q1 and q2 after each pop operation

• Top operation: Return the last element of q1

System design for Dropbox

• Use distributed file system for storing files

• Implement client-server architecture

• Use encryption for data security

• Implement version control for files

• Use load balancing for handling traffic

• Implement caching for faster access to frequently accessed files

Find an element in a rotated sorted array efficiently using binary search.

• Identify the pivot point where the array is rotated.

• Use binary search to determine which half of the array to search.

• Example: For array [4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2] and target 0, pivot is 3.

• Check if the target is in the left or right sorted half.

• Repeat the process until the target is found or the search space is exhausted.

5G NR testing needs to ensure network performance and compatibility with new technologies.

• Testing for network performance metrics such as latency, throughput, and reliability.

• Ensuring compatibility with new technologies like massive MIMO and beamforming.

• Validating interoperability with existing 4G networks.

• Testing for security vulnerabilities and resilience to cyber attacks.