30+ Junior Analyst Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Buying equipment affects all 3 financial statements

• On the income statement, the purchase will be recorded as an expense, reducing net income

• On the balance sheet, the equipment will be recorded as an asset, increasing total assets

• On the cash flow statement, the purchase will be recorded as a cash outflow from investing activities

The task is to find all possible paths for a rat to navigate through a maze from start to finish.

• Use backtracking to explore all possible paths in the maze.

• Keep track of the current path and explore all possible directions at each step.

• When reaching the destination, add the path to the list of valid paths.

• Sort the list of paths in alphabetical order before returning.

Yogesh needs to find the minimum possible integer P such that there are at least K prime numbers in the range [A, P].

• Iterate from A to B and check if each number is prime

• Keep track of the count of prime numbers found in the range [A, P]

• Return the minimum P that satisfies the condition or -1 if no such integer exists

The balance sheet for banking sector shows the assets, liabilities and equity of the bank at a specific point in time.

• Assets include cash, loans, investments, and property

• Liabilities include deposits, loans from other banks, and bonds

• Equity includes the bank's capital and reserves

• The balance sheet must balance, with assets equaling liabilities plus equity

• The balance sheet is used to analyze the financial health of the bank

File structure refers to the way data is stored on disk, while data structure refers to the way data is organized in memory.

• File structure is concerned with how data is stored on disk, while data structure is concerned with how data is organized in memory.

• File structure is typically hierarchical, with directories containing files, while data structures can take many forms such as arrays, linked lists, and trees.

• Examples of file structures include FAT, NTFS, and HFS+, while ex...read more

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process followed by software development teams to design, develop and test high-quality software.

• SDLC consists of several phases including planning, analysis, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• Each phase has its own set of activities and deliverables that must be completed before moving on to the next phase.

• SDLC models include Waterfall, Agile, and DevOps, each with its own approach to software development.

• SD...read more

A class is a blueprint for creating objects in C++. An object is an instance of a class.

• A class is a user-defined data type that encapsulates data members and member functions.

• An object is an instance of a class that has its own set of data members and can access the member functions of the class.

• Classes are used to organize and structure code, making it easier to maintain and reuse.

• Example: class Car { private: int speed; public: void setSpeed(int s) { speed = s; } };

• Example...read more

A bond is a type of debt security issued by companies or governments, while a debenture is a type of bond that is not secured by collateral.

• Bonds are secured by collateral, while debentures are not.

• Bonds have a fixed interest rate, while debentures may have a floating interest rate.

• Bonds are typically issued by companies or governments to raise capital, while debentures are often issued by corporations.

• Examples of bonds include Treasury bonds and corporate bonds, while exampl...read more

The Eurozone debt crisis was a financial crisis that occurred in the European Union from 2009 to 2012.

• The crisis was caused by a combination of factors, including high government debt, low economic growth, and a lack of competitiveness.

• Some countries, such as Greece, had borrowed heavily and were unable to repay their debts, leading to fears of default.

• The crisis led to bailouts of several countries by the European Union and the International Monetary Fund.

• Austerity measures ...read more

A deferred tax asset is an accounting concept that represents a future tax benefit for a company.

• It arises when a company has overpaid taxes or has carried forward tax losses from previous years.

• It can be used to offset future tax liabilities and reduce the company's tax bill.

• Examples include tax credits, unused tax deductions, and net operating losses.

• Deferred tax assets are recorded on the balance sheet as an asset.

• They are subject to regular review and may need to be writt...read more

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were the same type.

• Polymorphism is achieved through method overloading and method overriding.

• Compile-time polymorphism is achieved through method overloading.

• Runtime polymorphism is achieved through method overriding.

• Examples of polymorphism include method overloading and method overriding.

• Polymorphism is a key concept in object-oriented programming.

I am currently performing sample preparation by extracting DNA from blood samples and processing around 20 samples per day.

• Performing DNA extraction from blood samples

• Processing approximately 20 samples per day

• Utilizing various techniques such as PCR and gel electrophoresis

TCP/IP model is a networking protocol used for communication between devices on the internet.

• TCP/IP model has four layers: application, transport, internet, and network access.

• Each layer has its own set of protocols and functions.

• TCP/IP model is used for communication between devices on the internet.

• Examples of protocols used in TCP/IP model include HTTP, FTP, TCP, and IP.

Defects that may occur during tablet manufacturing

• Cracking or chipping of tablets

• Capping or lamination of tablets

• Mottling or color variation in tablets

• Incorrect weight or size of tablets

• Presence of foreign particles in tablets

• Incorrect dissolution rate of tablets

Working capital is the difference between current assets and current liabilities of a company.

• It is the amount of money a company has available for its day-to-day operations.

• It is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets.

• Positive working capital means the company has enough funds to cover its short-term obligations.

• Negative working capital means the company may struggle to meet its short-term obligations.

• Examples of current assets include cash, invent...read more

A Brute Force Algorithm is a method of solving problems by trying every possible solution.

• It involves trying every possible combination of inputs to find the correct output.

• It is a simple but inefficient algorithm.

• It is commonly used in cryptography to crack passwords.

• Examples include the exhaustive search algorithm and the traveling salesman problem.

A tree is a hierarchical data structure with a single root node and child nodes, while a graph is a non-linear data structure with nodes and edges.

• Trees have a clear parent-child relationship, while graphs have arbitrary connections between nodes.

• Trees are used in file systems, HTML DOM, and decision trees, while graphs are used in social networks, maps, and recommendation systems.

• Both structures can be represented using adjacency lists or matrices.

• Graphs can have cycles, whi...read more

Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence in machines.

• AI involves creating intelligent machines that can perform tasks without human intervention.

• It includes machine learning, natural language processing, and robotics.

• Examples include Siri, Alexa, and self-driving cars.

• AI has applications in various fields such as healthcare, finance, and transportation.

A data structure is a way of organizing and storing data in a computer so that it can be accessed and used efficiently.

• Data structures are used to manage and manipulate data.

• They can be implemented using arrays, linked lists, trees, graphs, and other methods.

• Examples include stacks, queues, hash tables, and binary search trees.

• Choosing the right data structure is important for optimizing performance and memory usage.

• Common operations on data structures include insertion, dele...read more

Lending involves providing funds to individuals or businesses with the expectation of repayment with interest.

• Lending can be done by banks, credit unions, or online lenders.

• Interest rates are typically charged on the amount borrowed.

• Lenders assess the creditworthiness of borrowers before approving loans.

• Types of loans include personal loans, mortgages, and business loans.

Program to implement anagram using array of strings

• Create a function to check if two strings are anagrams

• Loop through the array of strings and compare each pair of strings

• If two strings are anagrams, add them to a new array

• Return the new array of anagrams

A linked list is a linear data structure where each element is a separate object with a pointer to the next element.

• Linked list is a dynamic data structure

• It consists of nodes that contain data and a pointer to the next node

• Insertion and deletion operations are efficient in linked list

• Example: Singly linked list, Doubly linked list

A Spanning Tree is a subset of a graph that connects all vertices with the minimum possible number of edges.

• It is a tree that spans all the vertices of a connected graph.

• It has no cycles and is a subgraph of the original graph.

• It has n-1 edges for a graph with n vertices.

• It is used in network design and optimization problems.

Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that enables machines to learn from data and improve their performance.

• It involves training algorithms on large datasets to make predictions or decisions.

• It can be supervised, unsupervised, or semi-supervised.

• Examples include image recognition, natural language processing, and recommendation systems.

• It requires a lot of data and computing power to train models effectively.

• It has applications in various fields such as fin...read more

Some examples of heavy metals include lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium.

• Lead

• Mercury

• Cadmium

• Arsenic

• Chromium

Phases of clinical data management involve data collection, processing, analysis, and reporting.

• 1. Data Collection: Gathering information from various sources such as electronic health records, case report forms, and laboratory reports.

• 2. Data Processing: Cleaning and organizing the collected data to ensure accuracy and consistency.

• 3. Data Analysis: Utilizing statistical methods to interpret the data and draw conclusions.

• 4. Reporting: Summarizing the findings in reports for r...read more

Capital market is a financial market where long-term securities like stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments are traded.

• Capital market is a platform for companies to raise long-term funds from investors.

• It includes both primary and secondary markets.

• Investors can buy and sell securities like stocks, bonds, and debentures in the capital market.

• The capital market is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in India.

• Examples of capital markets includ...read more

Money market refers to a segment of the financial market where short-term borrowing and lending of funds take place.

• Money market deals with short-term debt instruments such as treasury bills, commercial papers, certificates of deposit, etc.

• It is used by governments, corporations, and financial institutions to manage their short-term cash needs.

• Money market instruments are considered to be low-risk and low-return investments.

• The interest rates in the money market are determine...read more

The range of pH is from 0 to 14.

• pH values below 7 are acidic, with 0 being the most acidic

• pH values above 7 are alkaline or basic, with 14 being the most basic

• A pH of 7 is considered neutral

Oops concepts are fundamental principles of object-oriented programming. They include inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Inheritance: A child class inherits properties and behaviors from a parent class. For example, a Car class can inherit from a Vehicle class.

• Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data. For example, a BankAccount class may have private variables like balance and methods like deposit a...read more

Molality, molarity, and normality are all concentration units used in chemistry.

• Molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

• Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

• Normality is the number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution.

• Molality is preferred for temperature-sensitive reactions, molarity is commonly used in lab work, and normality is used in acid-base reactions.

• Example: A solution with 2 moles of solute in 1 kg of so...read more

Melting point calibration is a process used to accurately determine the melting point of a substance.

• Melting point calibration involves using known standards with well-defined melting points to calibrate the melting point apparatus.

• The known standards are used to verify the accuracy and precision of the melting point apparatus.

• Calibration ensures that the melting point apparatus is functioning correctly and provides reliable results.

• The calibration process may involve adjusti...read more

Sales is the process of selling goods or services to customers in exchange for money.

• Sales involves identifying potential customers and convincing them to purchase a product or service.

• It requires effective communication and negotiation skills.

• Sales can be done through various channels such as direct selling, online selling, or through intermediaries like wholesalers and retailers.

• Sales strategies can include discounts, promotions, and upselling.

• Successful salespeople focus o...read more