ICU Nursing Staff Interview Questions and Answers

Acidosis is a condition where the blood pH is lower than normal, while alkalosis is a condition where the blood pH is higher than normal.

• Acidosis is characterized by an excess of acid in the blood, leading to a pH below 7.35.

• Alkalosis is characterized by an excess of base in the blood, leading to a pH above 7.45.

• Causes of acidosis include respiratory failure, kidney disease, and diabetes.

• Causes of alkalosis include vomiting, excessive use of diuretics, and hyperventilation.

The size of an endotracheal tube (ET tube) varies depending on the patient's age, size, and medical condition.

• The size of an ET tube is measured in millimeters or French units.

• Adult sizes typically range from 7.0 mm to 9.0 mm in diameter.

• Pediatric sizes are smaller, with neonates often requiring tubes as small as 2.5 mm.

• The appropriate size is determined based on the patient's age, gender, height, and medical condition.

• Incorrect sizing can lead to complications such as airway...read more

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of lung infection that occurs in patients who are on mechanical ventilation.

• VAP is caused by bacteria entering the lungs through the breathing tube or from contaminated equipment.

• Symptoms of VAP include fever, cough, difficulty breathing, and increased mucus production.

• Preventative measures for VAP include proper oral care, elevating the head of the bed, and regular suctioning of the breathing tube.

• Treatment for VAP typically in...read more

SIMV mode in a ventilator allows patients to breathe on their own while receiving support from the machine.

• SIMV stands for Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation

• Allows patients to breathe spontaneously between mandatory breaths from the ventilator

• Helps prevent respiratory muscle atrophy by allowing some level of independence

• Commonly used in patients who are weaning off mechanical ventilation