100+ Graduate Trainee Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Invert a binary tree with a given leaf node as the new root, following specific guidelines.

• Start by identifying the leaf node provided in the input.

• Follow the guidelines to invert the binary tree with the leaf node as the new root.

• Ensure that the left child becomes the right child of the new root if available, and the parent becomes the left child.

• Implement the inversion process for each test case and output the resulting binary tree in the same format as the input.

Merge two sorted arrays into one sorted array in place.

• Iterate from the end of both arrays and compare elements to merge in place

• Use two pointers to keep track of the current position in each array

• Update the elements in ARR1 from the end to the beginning

Identify the deepest left leaf node in a binary tree.

• Traverse the binary tree in level order to find the deepest left leaf node.

• Keep track of the maximum depth and the value of the deepest left leaf node found so far.

• Return the value of the deepest left leaf node at the end.

The task is to determine if a given string consisting of parentheses is balanced or not.

• Iterate through each character in the string and use a stack to keep track of opening parentheses

• If an opening parenthesis is encountered, push it onto the stack

• If a closing parenthesis is encountered, check if it matches the top of the stack. If it does, pop the stack, else return 'Not Balanced'

• At the end, if the stack is empty, return 'Balanced', else return 'Not Balanced'

Reverse a 32-bit signed integer and handle overflow cases.

• Implement a function to reverse the given integer.

• Check for overflow conditions and return -1 if overflow occurs.

• Use 32-bit capacity data types only.

• Example: For input 123, output should be 321.

Group items ordered at different points of time based on probability distribution of sales to ensure shortest delivery time.

• Analyze the probability distribution of sales in various areas

• Identify the areas with higher sales probability and prioritize them

• Group items ordered from the same area together

• Use efficient delivery routes to minimize delivery time

• Utilize technology to track and optimize delivery routes

• Collaborate with logistics team to ensure timely delivery

• Regularly r...read more

Find the length of the shortest subarray that needs to be sorted to make the entire array sorted in ascending order.

• Iterate from left to right to find the first element out of order.

• Iterate from right to left to find the last element out of order.

• Calculate the length of the subarray between the out of order elements.

To make 720 with 6 zeroes, multiply 6! by 1000.

• Calculate the factorial of 6 (6! = 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 720)

• Multiply the result by 1000 (720 x 1000 = 720000)

• Alternatively, add three zeroes to the end of 720 (720000 = 720000)

An airplane flies by generating lift through its wings and using engines to propel it forward.

• Airplane wings are designed to create lift by creating a difference in air pressure above and below the wing.

• The engines provide the necessary thrust to move the airplane forward and maintain its speed.

• The pilot controls the airplane's altitude and direction by adjusting the angle of the wings and the amount of thrust from the engines.

• The airplane's weight and the air resistance it e...read more

A data-table is a way to organize data in rows and columns. Data can be retrieved using SQL queries or programming languages.

• Data-table is a structured way to store data in rows and columns.

• Data can be retrieved using SQL queries like SELECT * FROM table_name.

• Data can also be retrieved using programming languages like Python or Java.

• After retrieving data, it is typically stored in memory for processing or analysis.

Merge sort and selection sort are both sorting algorithms, but they differ in their approach and efficiency. Merge sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm with a time complexity of O(n log n).

• Merge sort divides the array into two halves, sorts each half recursively, and then merges the sorted halves back together.

• Selection sort selects the smallest element from the unsorted portion of the array and swaps it with the first unsorted element.

• Merge sort has a time complexity of O(...read more

My BTP focused on developing a machine learning algorithm for predicting stock prices.

• The algorithm can be used by financial institutions for making investment decisions.

• It can also be used by individual investors for making informed decisions.

• The algorithm can be further improved and applied to other financial markets.

• The project can be presented at conferences and published in academic journals.

• The skills and knowledge gained during the project can be applied to other data-...read more

Types of pumps include centrifugal, reciprocating, and rotary pumps. Heat exchangers transfer heat between two fluids. Material properties affect heat and mass transfer.

• Types of pumps: centrifugal, reciprocating, rotary

• Working of heat exchanger: transfers heat between two fluids

• Properties of material: affect heat and mass transfer

• Examples: stainless steel for heat exchangers, copper for pumps

Ternary operator is a shorthand for if-else statement in programming.

• Ternary operator is written as condition ? expression1 : expression2

• It is used to assign a value based on a condition in a more concise way

• If-else statement is written as if (condition) { expression1 } else { expression2 }

Specific gravity of shampoo can be determined by comparing its density to the density of water.

• Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance.

• To determine shampoo specific gravity, measure the density of the shampoo and compare it to the density of water.

• Density can be measured using a hydrometer or a density meter.

• Specific gravity can also be calculated by dividing the density of the shampoo by the density of water.

• For exa...read more

Program to print prime numbers in a given range

• Iterate through the range of numbers and check if each number is prime

• Use a nested loop to check for factors of each number

• Print the number if it has only 2 factors (1 and itself)

It is impossible to accurately guess the number of vehicles on Chennai roads between 5 to 6 without any data.

• The number of vehicles on the road can vary depending on the day, time, and weather conditions.

• Factors such as rush hour traffic, accidents, and road closures can also affect the number of vehicles on the road.

• Without any data or context, it is impossible to make an accurate guess.

• However, we can estimate based on previous data or conduct a survey to gather more inform...read more

Answers to questions related to concrete, pre-stress concrete, reinforcement, stress, youngs modulus, and test of aggregates.

• Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, and aggregates. Pre-stressed concrete is a type of concrete where internal stresses are introduced before loading to improve its strength.

• Reinforcement is the process of adding steel bars or mesh to concrete to improve its strength and durability.

• Stress is the force per unit area applied to a material. Young's modu...read more

I would design a smart home automation system that can be controlled through a mobile app.

• The system would include sensors to detect motion, temperature, and light levels.

• It would also have the ability to control appliances such as lights, fans, and air conditioners.

• The mobile app would allow users to set schedules, create custom scenes, and receive notifications.

• The system would be compatible with popular smart home platforms such as Amazon Alexa and Google Home.

• It would als...read more

Analysis of a cantilever beam subjected to a moment M, focusing on bending stress and deflection.

• A cantilever beam is fixed at one end and free at the other.

• When a moment M is applied at the free end, it induces bending in the beam.

• The bending stress (σ) can be calculated using the formula: σ = My/I, where M is the moment, y is the distance from the neutral axis, and I is the moment of inertia.

• Deflection (δ) at the free end can be calculated using the formula: δ = (M * L^2) /...read more

Types of joins in SQL and definition of primary key and foreign key.

• Types of joins in SQL include inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.

• Primary key is a unique identifier for a record in a table.

• Foreign key is a field in a table that refers to the primary key of another table.

• Joins are used to combine data from two or more tables based on a related column.

• Examples of joins include joining a customer table with an orders table based on a customer ID field.

• Anot...read more

OPM stands for Optimum Moisture Content. If moisture content in soil is 20%, it will be at its ideal level for compaction.

• OPM is the moisture content at which soil is most workable and compactable.

• At 20% moisture content, soil will be at its optimum level for compaction.

• Higher or lower moisture content can lead to poor compaction and stability issues.

ACSR conductors are widely used in overhead power transmission and distribution systems due to their strength and conductivity.

• Used in overhead power lines for efficient electricity transmission.

• Ideal for long-distance transmission due to high tensile strength.

• Commonly used in urban and rural electrification projects.

• Examples include transmission lines in mountainous regions where strength is crucial.

• Utilized in renewable energy projects, such as wind farms, for connecting to...read more

Transmission companies transmit electricity from power plants to substations while distribution companies distribute electricity to end-users.

• Transmission companies operate high voltage power lines and transformers.

• Distribution companies operate low voltage power lines and transformers.

• Transmission companies transmit electricity over long distances while distribution companies distribute electricity over short distances.

• Transmission companies are responsible for maintaining t...read more

Clearing the Technical Round (TR) is essential for progressing to the HR interview stage in the recruitment process.

• TR assesses technical skills relevant to the job role, such as coding for software positions.

• Example: A candidate might solve a coding problem to demonstrate their programming abilities.

• HR interview focuses on soft skills, cultural fit, and overall personality.

• Example: Candidates may discuss their teamwork experiences or conflict resolution strategies.

Program to calculate the sum of odd numbers from 0 to 100 in C.

• Initialize a variable to store the sum.

• Use a loop to iterate through numbers from 0 to 100.

• Check if the number is odd using the modulo operator.

• If the number is odd, add it to the sum variable.

• Print or return the sum.

The more finished manufacturing process is typically the one that requires less additional processing or finishing steps.

• Processes like injection molding or CNC machining are considered more finished as they produce final products with minimal additional steps.

• Processes like casting or forging may require additional finishing steps like machining or polishing to achieve the desired final product.

• The choice of manufacturing process depends on factors like cost, material proper...read more