Chemical Graduate Engineer Trainee
Chemical Graduate Engineer Trainee Interview Questions and Answers
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Q1. pressure increases or decreases with altitude?
Pressure decreases with altitude due to the decrease in air density as altitude increases.
Pressure decreases by about 12% for every 1000 meters increase in altitude.
This is because as altitude increases, the air becomes less dense, leading to fewer air molecules exerting pressure.
For example, at sea level, the average atmospheric pressure is around 1013 hPa, while at the summit of Mount Everest, it is around 300 hPa.
Q2. explain shell and tube heat exchanger
Shell and tube heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses multiple tubes enclosed in a shell to transfer heat between two fluids.
Consists of a shell (outer vessel) and tubes (inner vessels)
One fluid flows through the tubes while the other flows around the tubes in the shell
Heat is transferred from one fluid to the other through the tube walls
Commonly used in industrial processes, HVAC systems, and refrigeration
Examples include condensers, evaporators, and oil cooler...read more
Q3. what is heat exchangers
Heat exchangers are devices used to transfer heat between two or more fluids, without them mixing together.
Heat exchangers are commonly used in industrial processes, HVAC systems, and refrigeration systems.
They work by transferring heat from one fluid to another through a solid wall, without the fluids coming into direct contact.
Examples of heat exchangers include shell and tube, plate, and finned tube heat exchangers.
Q4. what is radiation
Radiation is the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization.
Radiation can be classified into ionizing radiation (e.g. gamma rays, X-rays) and non-ionizing radiation (e.g. visible light, radio waves)
Ionizing radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions
Radiation is used in various fields such as medicine (radiation therapy), industry (sterilizatio...read more
Q5. Explain Fourier Laws?
Fourier Laws describe the heat transfer in materials.
Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction states that the rate of heat transfer through a material is proportional to the negative gradient of the temperature and the area normal to that gradient.
Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction equation: q = -k * A * (dT/dx), where q is the heat flux, k is the thermal conductivity, A is the cross-sectional area, and dT/dx is the temperature gradient.
Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction is applicable in...read more
Q6. Laws of thermodynamics?
Laws of thermodynamics are fundamental principles governing energy and heat transfer in physical systems.
First Law: Conservation of energy - energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted.
Second Law: Entropy always increases in isolated systems - heat naturally flows from hot to cold objects.
Third Law: As temperature approaches absolute zero, entropy approaches a minimum value.
Examples: A car engine converting fuel into motion follows the laws of thermod...read more
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Q7. formula of friction factor
Friction factor is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid mechanics to describe the amount of friction between a fluid and a surface.
Friction factor is denoted by the symbol 'f'.
It is commonly used in the Darcy-Weisbach equation to calculate pressure drop in pipes.
The formula for friction factor varies depending on the flow regime, such as laminar or turbulent flow.
For laminar flow, the formula for friction factor is 64/Reynolds number.
For turbulent flow, the formula for fric...read more
Q8. explain npsh in pump
NPSH stands for Net Positive Suction Head and is a measure of the pressure available at the suction port of a pump.
NPSH is important for ensuring that a pump does not cavitate, which can damage the pump and reduce efficiency.
It is calculated by subtracting the vapor pressure of the liquid being pumped from the total suction head of the pump.
NPSH is typically provided by the pump manufacturer and must be greater than the required NPSH for the pump to operate properly.
If the NP...read more
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