C&I Engineer

C&I Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 4 Mar 2025

Q1. Who RTD works? How to calculate temperature using RTD?

Ans.

RTDs measure temperature by correlating resistance changes in a metal with temperature variations.

  • RTD stands for Resistance Temperature Detector.

  • RTDs typically use pure platinum due to its stable resistance-temperature relationship.

  • The resistance of an RTD increases with temperature, following a known curve.

  • Common RTD configurations include 2-wire, 3-wire, and 4-wire setups for accuracy.

  • To calculate temperature, use the formula: T = (R - R0) / (α * R0) + T0, where R is the re...read more

Q2. How different type of flow transmitter works

Ans.

Flow transmitters measure fluid flow rates using various principles like differential pressure, electromagnetic, and ultrasonic methods.

  • Differential Pressure Flow Transmitters: Measure pressure drop across an orifice plate; commonly used in oil and gas industries.

  • Electromagnetic Flow Meters: Utilize Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction; ideal for conductive fluids like water.

  • Ultrasonic Flow Meters: Use sound waves to measure flow velocity; suitable for clean liquids and...read more

Q3. How many c&I instrument in work? Describe.

Ans.

The number of C&I instruments in work varies depending on the project requirements and scope.

  • The number of C&I instruments can range from a few dozen to several hundred in a typical industrial project.

  • These instruments include sensors, transmitters, controllers, recorders, and final control elements.

  • Examples of C&I instruments include pressure transmitters, temperature sensors, flow meters, level switches, and control valves.

Q4. What are the interlocks of boiler?

Ans.

Boiler interlocks ensure safe operation by preventing unsafe conditions through automated controls and safety mechanisms.

  • Low Water Level Interlock: Prevents boiler operation if water level is too low to avoid overheating.

  • High Pressure Interlock: Shuts down the boiler if pressure exceeds safe limits to prevent explosions.

  • Flame Failure Interlock: Stops fuel supply if the flame goes out, preventing unburned fuel accumulation.

  • Overtemperature Interlock: Triggers shutdown if the te...read more

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Q5. Different between Rtd & thermocoupler? And his type work.

Ans.

RTD measures temperature using the resistance change of a metal, while thermocouples measure temperature using the voltage generated at the junction of two different metals.

  • RTD stands for Resistance Temperature Detector, while thermocouple is a temperature sensor made of two different metals.

  • RTDs are more accurate and stable compared to thermocouples.

  • RTDs have a linear relationship between resistance and temperature, while thermocouples have a non-linear relationship.

  • RTDs are...read more

Q6. How thermocouple works?

Ans.

A thermocouple is a temperature sensor that generates voltage based on the Seebeck effect between two different metals.

  • Consists of two dissimilar metal wires joined at one end.

  • When heated, a voltage is generated proportional to the temperature difference.

  • Common types include Type K (Chromel-Alumel) and Type J (Iron-Constantan).

  • Used in various applications like industrial processes, HVAC systems, and ovens.

  • Can measure a wide range of temperatures, from cryogenic to high heat.

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Q7. How load cell works

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