What are the steps involved in program execution? When is the memory allocated to the program variables?

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Program execution involves several steps, including compilation, linking, loading, and execution. Memory is allocated to program variables during runtime.

Compilation: Source code is translated into machine code or bytecode.
Linking: Object files and libraries are combined to create an executable file.
Loading: The executable file is loaded into memory.
Execution: The program instructions are executed by the CPU.
Memory Allocation: Memory is allocated to program variables during runtime.
Examples: C programs are compiled using a compiler like GCC, which generates an executable file. When the program is run, it is loaded into memory, and the CPU executes the instructions.
Examples: In Java, the source code is compiled into bytecode, which is then executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Memory is allocated to objects during runtime.

What are the steps involved in program execution? When is the memory allocated to the program variables?

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