What are the different isolation levels in transactions and how do propagation types work?

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Isolation levels in transactions determine the degree to which transactions are isolated from each other. Propagation types define how transactions are propagated between different components.

Isolation levels include READ UNCOMMITTED, READ COMMITTED, REPEATABLE READ, and SERIALIZABLE.
Propagation types include REQUIRED, REQUIRES_NEW, SUPPORTS, MANDATORY, and NEVER.
Isolation levels control the visibility of changes made by other transactions before the current transaction is committed.
Propagation types determine whether a transaction should join an existing transaction or create a new one.
For example, in a READ COMMITTED isolation level, a transaction can only see committed data from other transactions.
An example of propagation type is REQUIRED, where the transaction must run within an existing transaction if one exists.

What are the different isolation levels in transactions and how do propagation types work?

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