What are welding defects?

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Accepted Answer

Welding defects are imperfections that occur during the welding process, compromising the quality and strength of the weld.

Welding defects can include cracks, porosity, incomplete fusion, and undercutting.
Cracks are fractures in the weld metal or heat-affected zone, caused by excessive stress or improper cooling.
Porosity refers to the presence of gas pockets within the weld, resulting from inadequate shielding gas or contaminated base metal.
Incomplete fusion occurs when the weld metal fails to fuse completely with the base metal, leading to weak joints.
Undercutting is the formation of a groove along the weld joint, caused by excessive heat or incorrect welding technique.
Other welding defects include distortion, lack of penetration, and spatter.
Distortion refers to the warping or bending of the welded structure due to uneven heating or cooling.
Lack of penetration occurs when the weld metal does not penetrate the full thickness of the joint, resulting in reduced strength.
Spatter is the expulsion of molten metal during welding, causing surface contamination and potential defects.

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