Explain Distortion energy theory?

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Distortion energy theory is a failure criterion used in materials science to predict the onset of yielding or fracture.

Also known as the von Mises yield criterion or the maximum distortion energy theory.
It states that yielding occurs when the distortion energy per unit volume exceeds a critical value.
It is based on the assumption that yielding is controlled by the accumulation of plastic strain energy.
The theory is commonly used in the design of ductile materials and structures.
It provides a conservative estimate of the onset of yielding compared to other failure criteria.
For example, in a tensile test, if the distortion energy per unit volume exceeds the critical value, yielding will occur.
The theory is applicable to isotropic materials under multiaxial stress states.

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