HOW A POWER TRANSFORMER IS PROTECTED FROM HOT SPOT FAILURE.

Question

Accepted Answer

Power transformers are protected from hot spot failure through various measures.

Hot spot failure in power transformers occurs when excessive heat is generated in a localized area, leading to insulation degradation and potential breakdown.
To protect against hot spot failure, transformers are equipped with temperature monitoring devices such as thermocouples or resistance temperature detectors (RTDs).
These temperature sensors continuously monitor the temperature of critical components, such as the windings and oil, and provide feedback to the protective relay system.
The protective relay system uses the temperature data to activate cooling mechanisms, such as fans or oil pumps, to maintain the transformer within safe operating limits.
Additionally, transformers may have thermal protection devices, such as bimetallic temperature gauges or oil temperature alarms, which trigger alarms or initiate shutdowns if the temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold.
Proper maintenance and regular inspection of transformers are also essential to prevent hot spot failure. This includes checking for signs of overheating, ensuring proper cooling system operation, and conducting oil analysis to detect any abnormal conditions.
In some cases, transformers may be equipped with additional features like winding temperature indicators, Buchholz relays, or pressure relief devices to provide further protection against hot spot failure.

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