What is Bending Moment, shear force, the difference between bending and buckling

Question

Accepted Answer

Bending moment is a measure of the bending effect on a beam, shear force is the force perpendicular to the beam's axis, and buckling is a sudden failure due to compression.

Bending moment is the algebraic sum of moments about the neutral axis of a section subjected to external loads.
Shear force is the force perpendicular to the beam's longitudinal axis, causing it to shear or slide.
Buckling is a sudden failure mode in which a structural member fails due to compressive stress exceeding its critical buckling load.
Bending is a deformation of a beam under load, while buckling is a sudden failure due to compression.

Accepted Answer

Bending moment and shear force are important concepts in structural engineering that describe the forces acting on a structural element: 
Bending moment
The rotational force that causes a beam to bend when an external force is applied. Bending moments create stress throughout the depth of a section.
Shear force:-The force that causes sliding between different layers of a beam. Shear forces create vertical stresses perpendicular to the length of a beam.
Buckling is a sudden or rapid change in the shape of a component under a load. For example, if you compress a plastic ruler and it bends laterally, it has buckled. 
Here are some more details about bending moment, shear force, and buckling:
Shear force and bending moment diagrams:-Engineers use these diagrams to visualize the forces acting on a structural element and determine its strength and stability. 
Equilibrium:-For equilibrium, the moment created by external forces must be balanced by the couple induced by the internal loads. 
Hogging and sagging:-A negative bending moment causes "hogging", and a positive moment causes "sagging".

What is Bending Moment, shear force, the difference between bending and buckling

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