Tata Technologies Software Developer Interview Questions and Answers

A CAN frame is a data structure used in Controller Area Network (CAN) communication, consisting of an identifier, data, and control bits.

• A CAN frame typically consists of an 11-bit or 29-bit identifier, which helps prioritize messages on the bus.

• It also includes a data field, which can range from 0 to 8 bytes depending on the protocol version.

• Control bits like the start of frame, arbitration field, control field, data field, CRC field, acknowledgment field, and end of frame a...read more

CAN is used in automotive for reliable and real-time communication between electronic control units.

• CAN allows for communication between various electronic control units in a vehicle

• It is reliable and can handle real-time data transmission

• CAN is widely used in automotive for applications such as engine control, transmission control, and more

Apache Spark is a unified analytics engine for big data processing, with built-in modules for streaming, SQL, machine learning, and graph processing.

• Spark operates on a cluster computing model, allowing distributed data processing.

• It uses Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs) for fault tolerance and parallel processing.

• Spark provides high-level APIs in Java, Scala, Python, and R, making it accessible to various developers.

• It includes libraries like Spark SQL for structured da...read more

OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming, a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOP focuses on creating objects that contain data and methods to manipulate that data.

• Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key principles of OOP.

• Examples of OOP languages include Java, C++, and Python.

SparkSession is the entry point for programming Spark with the Dataset and DataFrame API.

• It replaces the older SQLContext and HiveContext in Spark 2.0 and later.

• Allows users to create DataFrames and execute SQL queries.

• Example: `val spark = SparkSession.builder.appName("MyApp").getOrCreate()`.

• Supports reading data from various sources like JSON, Parquet, and JDBC.

• Example: `val df = spark.read.json("path/to/file.json")`.

An optimizer is a software tool or algorithm used to improve the performance of a system by minimizing errors or maximizing efficiency.

• Optimizers are commonly used in programming languages to improve code execution speed and reduce memory usage.

• Examples of optimizers include compiler optimizers, database query optimizers, and machine learning model optimizers.

• Optimizers work by analyzing code or data to identify inefficiencies and then making adjustments to improve performanc...read more

LSTM stands for Long Short-Term Memory, a type of recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture.

• LSTM networks are designed to overcome the vanishing gradient problem in traditional RNNs.

• They are capable of learning long-term dependencies in data sequences.

• LSTM networks have gates (input, output, forget) that regulate the flow of information within the network.

• They are commonly used in tasks such as speech recognition, language modeling, and time series prediction.