TCS Interview Questions and Answers

A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communication between devices in a network. There are several types of protocols.

• A protocol defines the format, timing, sequencing, and error control of data transmission.

• Protocols can be categorized into network protocols, transport protocols, and application protocols.

• Examples of network protocols include IP (Internet Protocol), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), and ARP (Address Resolution Protocol).

• Transport protocols i...read more

The protocol with the lowest AD value is OSPF (Open Shortest Path First).

• AD (Administrative Distance) is a value used by routers to determine the best path for forwarding packets.

• Lower AD value indicates a more preferred route.

• OSPF has an AD value of 110, which is lower than other routing protocols like RIP (120) and EIGRP (90).

The layers that call to the heart of OSI are the Transport layer and the Application layer.

• The Transport layer is responsible for the end-to-end delivery of data and ensures reliable communication between hosts.

• The Application layer provides services directly to the end-user and includes protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc.

• These layers interact with the heart of the OSI model, which is the core of the network architecture.

• The heart of OSI represents the central processing and...read more

Protocols that work with Application layers include HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS, and SNMP.

• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used for web browsing and communication between web servers and clients.

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring files between a client and a server.

• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending and receiving email messages.

• DNS (Domain Name System) is used for translating domain names into IP addresses.

• SNMP (Simple Network Management...read more

The OSI Model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven layers.

• The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model.

• It was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984.

• The model helps in understanding how different network protocols and technologies interact.

• It divides the network communication process into seven layers, each with its own specific functions.

• The layers are: Physical, D...read more

AD stands for Active Directory, which is a directory service used in Windows environments. Range refers to a specific set of values or a span of numbers.

• AD is a centralized database that stores information about network resources, such as users, computers, and groups.

• It provides authentication and authorization services, allowing users to access resources based on their permissions.

• AD uses a hierarchical structure with domains, trees, and forests to organize and manage networ...read more