Draw the CMOS inverter circuit and derive the transfer characteristics of inverter.What are the regions of operations of it?

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Answering a question about CMOS inverter circuit and its transfer characteristics.

The CMOS inverter circuit consists of a PMOS and an NMOS transistor connected in series.
The transfer characteristics of the inverter can be derived by plotting the output voltage against the input voltage.
The regions of operation of the inverter are the cutoff region, the linear region, and the saturation region.
In the cutoff region, both transistors are off and the output voltage is high.
In the linear region, the PMOS is partially on and the NMOS is partially off, resulting in a linear relationship between input and output voltage.
In the saturation region, the PMOS is fully on and the NMOS is fully off, resulting in a constant output voltage.
The transfer characteristics of the inverter can be used to design logic gates and other digital circuits.

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