Amaha Interview Questions and Answers

SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is a standard for transmitting digital signals over optical fiber networks.

• SDH is a hierarchical system that uses fixed-length frames to transmit data.

• It uses a synchronous transmission method, where all devices are synchronized to a common clock signal.

• The basic unit of SDH is STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module level 1), which has a data rate of 155.52 Mbps.

• The frame structure of SDH consists of a header, payload, and trailer.

• The header c...read more

DWDM stands for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing and OTN stands for Optical Transport Network.

• DWDM is a technology that allows multiple data signals to be transmitted simultaneously over a single optical fiber.

• It uses different wavelengths of light to carry multiple signals, increasing the capacity of the fiber.

• OTN is a network protocol that enables the efficient transport of data over optical networks.

• It provides features like error correction, performance monitoring, ...read more

OTU and ODU are two different types of optical transport networks used in fiber optic communication.

• OTU stands for Optical Transport Unit and is used to transport data over long distances in fiber optic networks.

• ODU stands for Optical Data Unit and is used to encapsulate client data into OTU frames for transmission.

• OTU and ODU are defined by the ITU-T G.709 standard.

• OTU and ODU are used in DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) systems to increase the capacity of fiber...read more

E1 is a digital transmission format used in telecommunications to carry voice and data signals.

• E1 stands for European standard 1.

• It uses time-division multiplexing (TDM) to transmit multiple channels over a single physical link.

• E1 provides a total bandwidth of 2.048 Mbps.

• It consists of 32 time slots, each capable of carrying voice or data signals.

• E1 is commonly used for connecting PBX systems, digital trunks, and leased lines.

4G frame structure consists of 10ms frames divided into 10 subframes, each subframe has 2 slots of 0.5ms each.

• 4G frame structure is based on Time Division Duplexing (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD)

• Each frame is 10ms long and is divided into 10 subframes of 1ms each

• Each subframe is further divided into 2 slots of 0.5ms each

• In TDD mode, the uplink and downlink transmissions occur in different time slots within the same frequency band

• In FDD mode, the uplink and downl...read more

Telecommunication is the transmission of information over a distance using electronic means.

• Telecommunication involves the exchange of information between two or more parties.

• It uses various electronic devices and systems to transmit and receive signals.

• Examples include telephone networks, internet communication, radio broadcasting, and satellite communication.

Communication systems are methods or technologies used to transmit and receive information.

• Wired communication systems: Examples include telephone lines and Ethernet cables.

• Wireless communication systems: Examples include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular networks.

• Satellite communication systems: Examples include satellite TV and GPS.

• Optical communication systems: Examples include fiber optic cables and laser communication.

• Radio communication systems: Examples include AM/FM radi...read more