20+ Santo Engineering Interview Questions and Answers

First step and step pressure are important in production process to ensure quality and efficiency.

• First step is the initial stage of production process where raw materials are gathered and prepared for further processing.

• Step pressure refers to the pressure applied during each step of the production process to ensure consistency and quality of the final product.

• Both first step and step pressure are crucial in maintaining quality and efficiency in production.

• For example, in th...read more

Market milk is pasteurized and homogenized, while raw milk is not.

• Market milk is heated to kill harmful bacteria, while raw milk is not.

• Raw milk may contain harmful bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella.

• Market milk is standardized to ensure consistent quality and taste.

• Raw milk may vary in taste and quality depending on factors such as the cow's diet and health.

• Market milk is often fortified with vitamins and minerals.

• Raw milk is not fortified and may not contain the same l...read more

ROI is Return on Investment. PKD stands for Primary Key Distribution. New distributors can be found through market research and networking.

• ROI is a measure of profitability that calculates the return on an investment relative to its cost.

• PKD refers to the distribution of products through primary key outlets.

• To find new distributors, conduct market research to identify potential areas and then network with local businesses and industry associations.

• Another way to find new dist...read more

Pasteurizer efficiency can be calculated by measuring the temperature and time of the pasteurization process.

• Measure the temperature of the product before and after pasteurization

• Measure the time it takes for the product to pass through the pasteurizer

• Calculate the heat input and output of the pasteurizer

• Use the formula: Efficiency = (Heat Output / Heat Input) x 100%

• Example: If the heat input is 1000 kJ and the heat output is 800 kJ, the efficiency is (800/1000) x 100% = 80%

The principle of fat determination involves extracting fat from a sample and measuring its weight or volume.

• Fat is extracted using solvents or physical separation methods.

• The extracted fat is then weighed or measured to determine its quantity.

• Different methods may be used depending on the type of sample being analyzed.

• Common methods include Soxhlet extraction, acid hydrolysis, and gravimetric analysis.

• The principle is used in food production to ensure accurate labeling and qu...read more

Increasing yield of paneer can be achieved through various methods.

• Using high-quality milk with high fat content

• Adding food-grade acid like lemon juice or vinegar to curdle the milk

• Using a cheesecloth to strain the curdled milk

• Pressing the paneer to remove excess water

• Using a paneer press to shape and compact the paneer

• Using additives like calcium lactate or citric acid to improve texture and yield

MRP stands for Maximum Retail Price.

• MRP is the highest price that can be charged by a retailer for a product.

• It includes the cost of production, transportation, taxes, and profit margin.

• MRP helps consumers make informed decisions and prevents price gouging.

• For example, if the MRP of a product is $50, a retailer cannot sell it for more than that price.

A pasteurizer is a machine used to heat liquids to a specific temperature to kill bacteria and extend shelf life.

• Used in food and beverage industry

• Commonly used for milk, juice, and beer

• Can be batch or continuous process

• Temperature and time are critical factors

• Helps to preserve nutrients and flavor

My future plan in dairy is to increase production efficiency and expand product line.

• Implementing new technology to improve milk production and quality

• Developing new dairy products to meet changing consumer demands

• Expanding distribution channels to reach new markets

• Investing in employee training and development to improve skills and productivity

PKD stands for Polycystic Kidney Disease.

• PKD is a genetic disorder that causes cysts to form in the kidneys.

• It can lead to kidney failure and other complications.

• There are two types of PKD: autosomal dominant PKD and autosomal recessive PKD.

• Symptoms may include pain in the back or sides, blood in the urine, and high blood pressure.

• Treatment options include medication, dialysis, and kidney transplant.

I have knowledge about the dairy business, Parag's current problems, branding concepts, and reasons for wanting to work in FMCG.

• Dairy business involves the production, processing, and distribution of milk and dairy products.

• Parag is facing challenges such as increasing competition, fluctuating milk prices, and changing consumer preferences.

• These problems can be solved by implementing innovative marketing strategies, improving product quality, and expanding distribution channe...read more

Opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative that is foregone when a decision is made.

• Opportunity cost is the benefit or value of something that must be given up to acquire or achieve something else.

• It helps in evaluating the trade-offs involved in decision-making.

• For example, if a company decides to invest in a new project, the opportunity cost could be the potential profits from investing in a different project instead.

• Opportunity cost is not always monetary, ...read more

Break even point is the point at which total revenue equals total costs, resulting in neither profit nor loss.

• Break even point is calculated by dividing fixed costs by the contribution margin.

• It is the level of sales at which a business neither makes a profit nor incurs a loss.

• It helps in determining the minimum amount of sales needed to cover all costs.

• Break even analysis is important for businesses to make informed decisions about pricing, production, and sales strategies.

ROI stands for Return on Investment, which is a measure of the profitability of an investment.

• ROI is calculated by dividing the net profit by the cost of the investment.

• It is expressed as a percentage or a ratio.

• ROI is used to evaluate the success of an investment and to compare different investment opportunities.

• For example, if you invest $100 and make a profit of $20, your ROI would be 20%.

• A high ROI indicates a profitable investment, while a low ROI indicates a loss or a l...read more

ROI can be calculated by dividing the net profit by the total investment and multiplying by 100.

• Determine the net profit by subtracting the total cost from the total revenue.

• Determine the total investment by adding up all the costs associated with the project.

• Divide the net profit by the total investment and multiply by 100 to get the ROI percentage.

• ROI = (Net Profit / Total Investment) x 100

• Example: If the net profit is $50,000 and the total investment is $100,000, then the ...read more

E-commerce refers to buying and selling goods or services over the internet.

• Online transactions

• Digital payments

• Virtual storefronts

• Examples: Amazon, eBay, Shopify

Marketing is the strategic process of promoting and selling products or services to target audiences.

• Marketing involves understanding customer needs and creating value propositions.

• It includes market research, advertising, branding, and sales strategies.

• Digital marketing utilizes online platforms like social media, email, and SEO to reach customers.

• Marketing aims to build brand awareness, generate leads, and drive sales.

• Successful marketing campaigns often involve storytellin...read more

Digital marketing is a powerful tool for reaching and engaging with target audiences online.

• Digital marketing involves using online channels such as social media, email, and websites to promote products or services.

• It allows for targeted advertising to specific demographics, increasing the likelihood of reaching potential customers.

• Measurable results can be obtained through analytics, allowing for optimization of campaigns for better performance.

• Examples include running Faceb...read more

Parag Milk Foods is a leading dairy company in India known for its wide range of dairy products.

• Established in 1992

• Offers products like milk, ghee, paneer, cheese, etc.

• Well-known brands include 'Gowardhan' and 'Go' brands

• Operates multiple manufacturing plants across India