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Esters can be converted to aldehydes by hydrolysis under acidic conditions.
Esters can be hydrolyzed to aldehydes using a strong acid, such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
The reaction involves the cleavage of the ester bond and the formation of a carboxylic acid intermediate, which is then further reduced to an aldehyde.
The reaction can be carried out at elevated temperatures or using a catalyst, such as p-toluen...
The desired product of bromination on aniline is 2,4,6-tribromoaniline. The desired product of bromination on toluene is bromotoluene.
Bromination on aniline results in the substitution of three bromine atoms on the aromatic ring, yielding 2,4,6-tribromoaniline.
Bromination on toluene results in the substitution of one bromine atom on the aromatic ring, yielding bromotoluene.
The Grignard reaction on an aldehyde will produce a secondary alcohol.
The Grignard reaction involves the addition of a Grignard reagent (organomagnesium compound) to an aldehyde or ketone.
The reaction proceeds through the formation of a carbon-carbon bond.
In the case of an aldehyde, the product will be a secondary alcohol.
For example, the reaction of formaldehyde (HCHO) with a Grignard reagent such as methylmagnesium b...
Diastereomers and enantiomers are types of stereoisomers that differ in their spatial arrangement.
Diastereomers are stereoisomers that have different configurations at one or more chiral centers but are not mirror images of each other.
Enantiomers are stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.
Diastereomers have different physical and chemical properties, while enantiomers have identical physi...
The biaryl product can be synthesized through a variety of methods.
One common method is the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.
Another method is the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction.
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation can also be used.
Examples of biaryl products include biphenyl and terphenyl.
The method for preparation of amide involves the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine.
Amides can be prepared by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an amine in the presence of a dehydrating agent.
The reaction typically requires heating and can be catalyzed by an acid or base.
The resulting product is an amide, which contains a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom.
Example: The preparation of acetamide c...
The proton NMR peak of methyl aldehyde appears as a singlet at around 9-10 ppm.
The proton NMR spectrum of methyl aldehyde shows a singlet peak.
The chemical shift of the peak is typically around 9-10 ppm.
The singlet peak indicates that the methyl aldehyde molecule has no neighboring protons.
Mass spectra of bromo chloro containing compound
Bromo chloro compounds can have multiple isomers with different mass spectra
The presence of bromine and chlorine atoms can cause fragmentation in the mass spectrum
The mass spectrum can be used to determine the molecular weight and structural information of the compound
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I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed before Jun 2021. There were 2 interview rounds.
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed before Feb 2020. There were 5 interview rounds.
A 50 ppm solution contains 50 parts of solute per million parts of solution.
ppm stands for parts per million.
It is a measure of concentration.
In a 50 ppm solution, there are 50 parts of solute per million parts of solution.
For example, if we have a 1 million mL solution, there would be 50 mL of solute in it.
posted on 22 Oct 2021
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed before Oct 2020. There were 3 interview rounds.
I applied via Walk-in and was interviewed before Jan 2020. There was 1 interview round.
Mass spectrometry is a technique used to identify and quantify molecules based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
Electrospray ionization (ESI)
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS)
UV spectrometry is a technique that measures the absorption or transmission of ultraviolet light by a sample.
UV spectrometry is based on the principle that different molecules absorb UV light at specific wavelengths.
It is commonly used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of a substance in a sample.
UV spectrometry can be used to analyze the purity of a compound or identify unknown substances.
The instr...
To prepare 0.1 N HCl and NaOH, you need to calculate the required amount of the respective chemicals and dilute them in water.
Calculate the molar mass of HCl and NaOH
Determine the volume of solution needed
Use the formula: Normality (N) = (Number of equivalents / Volume of solution in liters)
For 0.1 N HCl, calculate the number of equivalents of HCl and dilute it to the desired volume
For NaOH, calculate the number of equ...
Quality assurance is the process of ensuring that products or services meet the desired level of quality.
It involves establishing standards and procedures to ensure that products or services meet those standards.
It includes monitoring and evaluating the quality of products or services to identify areas for improvement.
It also involves taking corrective action when necessary to address quality issues.
Examples include co...
Recall definitions
Recall: the ability to retrieve information from memory
Definition: a statement that explains the meaning of a word or phrase
Research: the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions
Associate: a person who works with others towards a common goal
Hypothesis: a proposed explanation for a phenomenon
Experiment: a scientific procedure...
The type of HPLC used depends on the specific research requirements and objectives.
There are several types of HPLC systems available, including reverse phase, normal phase, ion exchange, size exclusion, and affinity chromatography.
The choice of HPLC system depends on the properties of the analyte, such as polarity, size, charge, and affinity.
For example, reverse phase HPLC is commonly used for the separation of nonpola...
UV detectors and HPLC detectors are used in research to analyze and quantify substances.
UV detectors are commonly used in UV-visible spectroscopy to measure the absorption of light by a sample at different wavelengths.
HPLC detectors are used in high-performance liquid chromatography to detect and quantify the components of a mixture.
Common types of UV detectors include diode array detectors (DAD) and photodiode array d...
Matrix in MALDI MS system is a substance used to assist in ionization of the sample for analysis.
Matrix is a substance that absorbs energy from the laser and transfers it to the sample, causing ionization.
The choice of matrix depends on the type of sample being analyzed.
Common matrices include alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and sinapinic acid (SA).
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posted on 18 Dec 2021
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Nov 2021. There was 1 interview round.
Column and mobile phase selection is based on the analyte properties and separation goals.
Consider the analyte's physicochemical properties such as polarity, molecular weight, and stability.
Choose a column with appropriate stationary phase chemistry (e.g., C18 for hydrophobic compounds).
Optimize mobile phase composition (solvent ratio, pH, buffer) for desired separation.
Consider the separation goals (resolution, select...
posted on 10 Nov 2022
I applied via Recruitment Consulltant and was interviewed before Nov 2021. There were 2 interview rounds.
posted on 17 Nov 2022
I applied via Campus Placement
Chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of chemicals based on their physical and chemical properties.
Chromatography involves a stationary phase and a mobile phase
The stationary phase can be a solid or a liquid, while the mobile phase is typically a liquid or gas
Different compounds in the mixture will interact differently with the stationary phase, causing them to separate
Examples of chromato...
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