Generally we store data in normalised form, but it makes it slow to run any queries. How would you make the queries run faster?

Question

Accepted Answer

Denormalization, indexing, caching, and partitioning can improve query performance.

Denormalize the data to reduce the number of joins required for queries.
Create indexes on frequently queried columns to speed up search.
Cache frequently accessed data in memory to avoid disk reads.
Partition large tables into smaller ones to reduce the amount of data that needs to be scanned.
Use query optimization techniques like query rewriting and query hints.
Consider using NoSQL databases for unstructured data or high write loads.
Optimize hardware and network configurations to reduce latency.
Use a load balancer to distribute queries across multiple servers.
Avoid using SELECT * and instead specify only the required columns.
Avoid using subqueries and correlated subqueries if possible.

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