Techvio Microtechnologies Interview Questions and Answers

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a routing protocol used to find the best path for data packets in IP networks.

• OSPF is a link-state routing protocol

• It uses Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the shortest path

• OSPF areas are logical groupings of routers and networks sharing the same area ID

• Each OSPF router belongs to at least one area

• Areas are used to reduce the size of the link-state database and improve network scalability

Packet flow from one network to another involves routing, switching, and encapsulation.

• Packet leaves source device and enters local network.

• Local network router determines best path to destination network.

• Packet is forwarded to destination network through routers and switches.

• Destination network router delivers packet to destination device.

• Encapsulation and decapsulation processes occur at each network device.

• Example: Packet flow from a computer in one office to a server in a...read more

Switching is a networking technique that forwards data packets between devices on a computer network.

• Switching is used to connect devices within a local area network (LAN) or between multiple LANs.

• It operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.

• Switches use MAC addresses to determine where to forward data packets.

• Switching increases network performance by reducing congestion and improving bandwidth utilization.

VLAN stands for Virtual Local Area Network. It is used to logically segment a network to improve performance, security, and management.

• VLANs are used to separate broadcast domains in a network.

• They can be used to group devices based on department, function, or security requirements.

• VLANs can help reduce network congestion and improve overall network performance.

• They are commonly used in enterprise networks to isolate traffic and improve security.

• VLANs can be configured on swi...read more

DHCP is a network protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. DORA process involves Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge.

• DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

• DORA process includes Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge

• Discover: Client broadcasts a request for IP address

• Offer: DHCP server offers an IP address to the client

• Request: Client requests the offered IP address

• Acknowledge: DHCP server acknowledges the request and assigns the ...read more

Spanning Tree Protocol is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for Ethernet networks.

• Prevents loops in Ethernet networks by blocking redundant paths

• Designated switches are elected to forward traffic on each segment

• Uses Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) to exchange information between switches

Mac binding is a security feature that associates a specific MAC address with a specific IP address on a network.

• Mac binding is used to ensure that only devices with specific MAC addresses can access the network.

• It helps prevent unauthorized devices from connecting to the network.

• Mac binding is commonly used in home networks and small businesses to enhance network security.

Routing is the process of selecting the best path for network traffic to reach its destination.

• Routing involves determining the optimal path for data packets to travel from the source to the destination.

• Routers use routing tables to make decisions on how to forward packets based on destination IP addresses.

• Routing protocols like OSPF and BGP are used to exchange routing information between routers.

• Dynamic routing allows routers to automatically adjust to network changes.

• Stati...read more