10+ EXCEL IMPORT Interview Questions and Answers

Pyrophoric chemicals can be handled and quenched by using inert gases, specialized containers, and proper disposal methods.

• Use inert gases such as nitrogen or argon to displace air and prevent ignition.

• Store and handle pyrophoric chemicals in specialized containers such as air-tight glass ampoules or sealed metal containers.

• Dispose of pyrophoric chemicals properly by contacting a hazardous waste disposal company.

• Examples of pyrophoric chemicals include alkali metals, metal hy...read more

In vivo models and methods are used to study the efficacy and safety of therapeutic interventions in living organisms.

• In vivo models involve the use of animals such as mice, rats, and rabbits to study the effects of drugs and therapies.

• Methods include administering the drug through various routes such as oral, intravenous, or subcutaneous injection.

• In vivo studies can also involve imaging techniques such as MRI or PET scans to monitor the effects of the therapy on the body.

• Ex...read more

Palladium and copper chemistry are widely used in organic synthesis. Some important reactions include Suzuki coupling, Heck reaction, Sonogashira coupling, and Ullmann reaction.

• Suzuki coupling: cross-coupling reaction between an organoboron compound and an organic halide or triflate catalyzed by a palladium complex

• Heck reaction: coupling of an aryl or vinyl halide with an alkene in the presence of a palladium catalyst

• Sonogashira coupling: coupling of an aryl or vinyl halide w...read more

Different oxidising and reducing agents used for ester reduction, cyano reduction, and alcohol oxidation.

• Ester reduction: Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H)

• Cyano reduction: Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4), sodium borohydride (NaBH4)

• Alcohol oxidation: Chromium trioxide (CrO3), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), Jones reagent (CrO3/H2SO4)

Some common oxidising reagents include potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, chromic acid, ozone, and nitric acid.

• Potassium permanganate

• Hydrogen peroxide

• Chromic acid

• Ozone

• Nitric acid

Research work in M.Pharm involves studying and developing new drugs and therapies.

• Researching the efficacy and safety of drugs

• Developing new drug delivery systems

• Studying the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs

• Investigating the mechanism of action of drugs

• Conducting clinical trials to test new drugs

• Analyzing drug interactions and side effects

• Exploring natural products as potential sources of new drugs

Pinacol pinacolone rearrangement is a reaction in which a pinacol rearranges to form a ketone.

• Involves the rearrangement of a 1,2-diol to a ketone

• Requires an acidic catalyst such as sulfuric acid

• Named after the starting material (pinacol) and the product (pinacolone)

• Used in organic synthesis to form complex molecules

The density difference between ethyl acetate, water, and DCM varies due to their different molecular weights and intermolecular forces.

• Ethyl acetate has a lower density than water and DCM due to its lower molecular weight.

• DCM has a higher density than water and ethyl acetate due to its higher molecular weight.

• The intermolecular forces between the molecules also affect the density difference.

• For example, hydrogen bonding between water molecules increases its density compared t...read more

Grignard reaction

• Named after French chemist Victor Grignard

• Involves the reaction of an organomagnesium compound with a carbonyl compound

• Forms a new carbon-carbon bond

• Used in the synthesis of various organic compounds

• Example: Grignard reaction between phenylmagnesium bromide and formaldehyde to form benzoic acid

QMS is a systematic approach to managing quality throughout an organization's processes.

• Establishing quality objectives and policies

• Implementing quality control measures

• Conducting regular audits and reviews

• Continuous improvement through corrective and preventive actions

The audit process involves planning, conducting fieldwork, reporting findings, and following up on corrective actions.

• Planning phase includes defining objectives, scope, and criteria for the audit.

• Conducting fieldwork involves gathering evidence, analyzing data, and evaluating processes.

• Reporting findings includes documenting observations, conclusions, and recommendations.

• Following up on corrective actions involves monitoring implementation of recommendations and verifying ef...read more

Chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of chemicals based on their properties.

• Chromatography involves a stationary phase and a mobile phase.

• The sample is introduced into the mobile phase and travels through the stationary phase, separating the components based on their interactions with the stationary phase.

• Different types of chromatography include gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography.

• Chromatography is used in...read more