What happens when a valve of a pipeline is opened or closed suddenly

Question

Accepted Answer

Opening or closing a valve suddenly can cause pressure surges and water hammer in the pipeline.

When a valve is opened suddenly, the sudden increase in flow can cause pressure surges in the pipeline.
When a valve is closed suddenly, the sudden decrease in flow can cause pressure surges in the pipeline.
Pressure surges can cause damage to the pipeline and equipment, and can also cause leaks.
Water hammer can occur when pressure surges cause the water to slam against the walls of the pipeline, creating a loud banging noise.
Water hammer can also cause damage to the pipeline and equipment.
To prevent pressure surges and water hammer, valves should be opened and closed slowly and gradually.

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