30+ Irfan's View Interview Questions and Answers

The maximum and minimum temperature of a mercury thermometer is typically -38°C to 356°C.

• The maximum temperature that a mercury thermometer can measure is 356°C.

• The minimum temperature that a mercury thermometer can measure is -38°C.

• Mercury thermometers are commonly used in various industries and laboratories.

• They are not suitable for measuring extremely low temperatures or temperatures above 356°C.

• Alternative thermometers like digital or infrared thermometers are used for wi...read more

Chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their different properties.

• Chromatography involves a stationary phase and a mobile phase.

• The stationary phase can be a solid or a liquid that is fixed in place.

• The mobile phase is a liquid or gas that carries the mixture through the stationary phase.

• Different components of the mixture interact differently with the stationary phase, leading to separation.

• Common types of chromatography in...read more

pH indicators, name reactions, and acid-base differentiation are important topics in chemistry.

• pH indicators are substances that change color depending on the pH of the solution they are in, such as litmus paper or phenolphthalein.

• Name reactions are specific chemical reactions that have been named after their discoverers or developers, such as the Grignard reaction or the Friedel-Crafts reaction.

• Acid-base differentiation is the process of identifying whether a substance is an...read more

pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity in a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

• pH stands for 'potential of hydrogen'

• It is a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

• A pH value below 7 indicates acidity, while a value above 7 indicates alkalinity

• Pure water has a pH of 7, which is considered neutral

• Examples of pH ranges: stomach acid (1.5-3.5), lemon juice (2-3), baking soda (8-9)

Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.

• Boiling point is a characteristic property of a substance.

• It is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.

• Different substances have different boiling points.

• Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) at sea level.

A strong acid is a chemical compound that completely dissociates into ions in an aqueous solution.

• Strong acids have a low pH value and are highly corrosive.

• They can react vigorously with other substances and can cause burns.

• Examples of strong acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3).

Tablet manufacturing involves several steps including mixing, granulation, compression, and coating.

• Raw materials are mixed in a blender to form a homogenous mixture.

• The mixture is then granulated to form small particles.

• These particles are compressed into tablets using a tablet press.

• Finally, the tablets are coated to improve their appearance and stability.

• Quality control measures are taken throughout the process to ensure safety and efficacy.

Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution.

• Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

• It is denoted by the symbol 'M'.

• Molarity can be calculated using the formula: Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters).

• For example, if 0.5 moles of solute are dissolved in 1 liter of solution, the molarity would be 0.5 M.

Molality is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solvent, expressed as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

• Molality is different from molarity, which is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

• It is commonly used in chemistry and pharmacy to accurately measure the concentration of a solute in a solvent.

• Molality is temperature-independent, unlike molarity.

• For example, a solution with a molality of 0.5 mol/kg means there are 0.5 moles of...read more

A solution is a means of solving a problem or addressing a challenge.

• A solution is a specific action or set of actions that can be taken to resolve a problem.

• It involves identifying the problem, analyzing it, and implementing a plan to overcome it.

• Solutions can vary depending on the context and nature of the problem.

• For example, in production, a solution could be implementing a more efficient manufacturing process or improving quality control measures.

Oxidation is a chemical process in which a substance loses electrons, resulting in an increase in its oxidation state.

• Oxidation involves the transfer of electrons from one substance to another.

• It often involves the addition of oxygen or the removal of hydrogen.

• Common examples of oxidation include rusting of iron and burning of fuel.

• Oxidation reactions are important in various industrial processes, such as the production of chemicals and energy.

• Oxidation can also occur in biol...read more

Quality assurance ensures that products or services meet customer expectations while validation confirms that the product meets the intended use and requirements.

• Quality assurance involves the process of monitoring and evaluating the product or service to ensure that it meets the required standards.

• Validation is the process of verifying that the product or service meets the intended use and requirements.

• Quality assurance focuses on preventing defects while validation focuses ...read more

Normality refers to the concentration of a substance in a solution, expressed as the number of equivalents per liter.

• Normality is a measure of the concentration of a substance in a solution.

• It is expressed as the number of equivalents per liter (eq/L).

• Normality is commonly used in acid-base reactions and redox reactions.

• For example, a 1M solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is also 1N because HCl is monoprotic.

• However, a 1M solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is 2N because it is...read more

Normality, Molarity, and Molality are all measures of concentration used in chemistry.

• Normality measures the number of equivalents of a solute per liter of solution.

• Molarity measures the number of moles of a solute per liter of solution.

• Molality measures the number of moles of a solute per kilogram of solvent.

• Normality is used in acid-base reactions, while molarity and molality are used in a variety of chemical reactions.

• For example, a 1 M solution of NaCl contains 1 mole of ...read more

Regulatory affairs involves ensuring compliance with regulations and guidelines in various industries.

• Regulatory affairs is a field that deals with the development, implementation, and compliance of regulations and guidelines in industries such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, cosmetics, and food products.

• Professionals in regulatory affairs work to ensure that products and processes meet the necessary legal and quality standards set by regulatory authorities.

• They are resp...read more

Good manufacturing practices (GMP) are guidelines that ensure products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards.

• GMP are regulations that cover all aspects of production, from the starting materials, premises, and equipment to the training and personal hygiene of staff.

• They are designed to minimize the risks involved in any pharmaceutical production that cannot be eliminated through testing the final product.

• Examples of GMP include proper documen...read more

Good laboratory practice involves following standardized procedures, maintaining cleanliness, and ensuring accuracy in testing.

• Follow standardized procedures for all tests and experiments

• Maintain cleanliness and organization in the laboratory

• Ensure accuracy in testing by double-checking results and calibrating equipment regularly

Troubleshooting is the process of identifying and resolving problems or issues that arise during the coating operation.

• Identify the problem or issue

• Analyze the possible causes

• Implement appropriate solutions

• Test the solutions to ensure effectiveness

• Document the troubleshooting process for future reference

Quality assurance is the process of ensuring that products or services meet specified requirements and standards.

• Quality assurance involves creating processes and procedures to prevent defects in products or services.

• It focuses on continuous improvement and monitoring to ensure consistent quality.

• Quality assurance often includes testing, inspections, and audits to identify and correct issues.

• Examples of quality assurance activities include software testing, product inspection...read more

Validation process ensures that the software meets the specified requirements and functions correctly.

• Validation process involves testing the software against the requirements to ensure it functions as expected.

• It includes functional testing, usability testing, performance testing, and security testing.

• Validation process also involves user acceptance testing to ensure the software meets the user's needs.

• Validation process is essential to ensure the quality and reliability of ...read more

PV stands for Pharmacovigilance which is the science of detecting, assessing, and preventing adverse effects of drugs.

• PV is the process of monitoring and evaluating the safety of drugs

• It involves collecting, analyzing, and reporting adverse drug reactions

• PV helps in identifying new safety concerns and improving patient safety

• Examples of PV activities include signal detection, risk management, and safety surveillance

ICH guidelines are a set of international standards for the development, registration, and post-approval of pharmaceuticals.

• ICH stands for International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use

• Guidelines cover topics such as clinical trials, quality control, and safety reporting

• Examples include ICH E6 for Good Clinical Practice and ICH Q9 for Quality Risk Management

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is a detailed step-by-step guide on how to perform a specific task or process.

• SOP procedures outline the necessary steps, tools, and resources required to complete a task.

• They ensure consistency, quality, and compliance with regulations.

• SOPs are commonly used in industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, and software development.

• Examples of SOP procedures include how to conduct software testing, how to clean medical equipment, and how to ...read more

ICH guidelines are a set of international guidelines for the pharmaceutical industry.

• ICH guidelines are developed by the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH)

• There are several types of ICH guidelines, including safety, efficacy, quality, and multidisciplinary guidelines

• Examples of ICH guidelines include the Common Technical Document (CTD), Good Clinical Practice (GCP), and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) gu...read more

Safety is the state of being protected from harm, injury, or danger.

• Safety involves identifying and assessing potential hazards

• Implementing measures to control or eliminate those hazards

• Providing training and education to employees on safe practices

• Regularly reviewing and updating safety policies and procedures

• Examples include wearing personal protective equipment, following lockout/tagout procedures, and conducting safety audits

QA focuses on preventing defects in the process, while QC focuses on identifying defects in the product.

• QA is process oriented, focusing on preventing defects by establishing processes and standards.

• QC is product oriented, focusing on identifying defects through testing and inspection.

• QA involves activities like process audits, training, and documentation.

• QC involves activities like product testing, inspections, and sampling.

• Example: QA ensures that all employees are trained ...read more

The golden rules of accounting are basic principles that guide the recording of financial transactions.

• The first golden rule is the Debit-credit rule, which states that for every debit entry, there must be a corresponding credit entry.

• The second golden rule is the Real account rule, which states that all assets and liabilities have a debit and credit side respectively.

• The third golden rule is the Nominal account rule, which states that all revenue and expense accounts have a ...read more

IQ, PQ, DQ, OQ are validation protocols used in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure equipment and processes meet regulatory requirements.

• IQ stands for Installation Qualification, which verifies that equipment is installed correctly and according to specifications.

• PQ stands for Performance Qualification, which ensures that equipment consistently performs as intended in a specific environment.

• DQ stands for Design Qualification, which confirms that the design of the equipment ...read more

Types of defects include functional, performance, cosmetic, and compatibility issues.

• Functional defects affect the core functionality of the product or system.

• Performance defects impact the speed, response time, or resource usage.

• Cosmetic defects are related to the appearance or aesthetics of the product.

• Compatibility defects arise when the product does not work well with other systems or devices.