HCLTech Hardware Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

The minimum clearance for DDR Data group signals Routing is 6 mils.

• DDR Data group signals Routing requires a minimum clearance of 6 mils to avoid crosstalk and interference.

• The clearance may vary depending on the specific DDR standard being used.

• It is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the DDR manufacturer.

• Failure to meet the minimum clearance requirements can result in signal integrity issues and data corruption.

• Examples of DDR standards include DDR2,...read more

The operating frequency of USB Type C is 10 Gbps.

• USB Type C has a maximum data transfer rate of 10 Gbps

• It is also backward compatible with USB 2.0 and 3.0

• The frequency can vary depending on the device and cable used

Micro vias are small holes drilled in PCBs to connect different layers of the board.

• Micro vias are typically less than 0.15mm in diameter.

• They are used to save space on the board and increase routing density.

• Micro vias can be drilled using lasers or mechanical drills.

• They are commonly used in high-density interconnect (HDI) PCBs.

• Micro vias can be filled with conductive or non-conductive materials.

• They can be blind vias, which connect an outer layer to an inner layer, or burie...read more

The operating frequency of DDR4 is 2133 MHz to 4266 MHz.

• DDR4 operates at higher frequencies than its predecessor DDR3

• The operating frequency of DDR4 depends on the specific module and its configuration

• DDR4 can operate at frequencies ranging from 2133 MHz to 4266 MHz

• Higher frequency modules tend to be more expensive

We used PCIe Gen3 x16 connector in our project.

• PCIe Gen3 x16 connector provides high-speed data transfer.

• It has 16 lanes for data transmission.

• It is commonly used in high-performance graphics cards and storage devices.

• It has a maximum bandwidth of 32 GB/s.

• Examples of devices that use PCIe Gen3 x16 connector are NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 Ti and Samsung 970 PRO SSD.

DDR signals include command, address, data, clock, and control signals.

• DDR stands for Double Data Rate, which means data is transferred twice per clock cycle.

• Command signals are used to initiate operations like read, write, and refresh.

• Address signals specify the location of data in memory.

• Data signals carry the actual data being transferred.

• Clock signals synchronize the timing of all the signals.

• Control signals include chip select, data strobe, and write enable signals.

• DDR4 ...read more

Open drain is a type of output circuitry used in digital electronics. Open source refers to software that is freely available to use and modify.

• Open drain is a type of output circuitry where the output transistor is connected to ground instead of a voltage source.

• Open drain outputs are commonly used in digital circuits to interface with other devices or circuits.

• Open source refers to software that is freely available to use, modify, and distribute.

• Open source software is ofte...read more