OSI model with all the layer workings

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The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.

Layer 1 - Physical layer: Deals with physical connections and transmission of raw data over a physical medium (e.g. cables)
Layer 2 - Data Link layer: Responsible for node-to-node communication, error detection, and flow control (e.g. Ethernet switches)
Layer 3 - Network layer: Manages routing of data packets between different networks (e.g. routers)
Layer 4 - Transport layer: Ensures reliable data transfer between end systems (e.g. TCP)
Layer 5 - Session layer: Establishes, maintains, and terminates connections between applications (e.g. NetBIOS)
Layer 6 - Presentation layer: Translates data into a format that the application layer can understand (e.g. encryption/decryption)
Layer 7 - Application layer: Provides interface for user applications to access network services (e.g. HTTP)

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