Covalense Global Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Entity Framework is an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) framework that enables developers to work with relational databases using .NET objects.

• EF is a tool for creating data access layer in .NET applications

• It allows developers to work with databases using C# or VB.NET code instead of SQL

• EF supports LINQ queries and provides automatic change tracking

• EF can generate database schema from code-first approach

• EF can also gen...read more

Dependency injection is a design pattern used to remove hard-coded dependencies and make code more modular and testable.

• Dependencies are injected into a class rather than being hard-coded

• This allows for easier testing and swapping of dependencies

• Commonly used in frameworks like Spring and Angular

Generics and collections are fundamental concepts in Java programming.

• Generics allow for type safety and reusability of code.

• Collections are data structures that store and manipulate groups of objects.

• Examples of collections include ArrayList, LinkedList, and HashMap.

• Generics can be used with collections to ensure type safety.

• Collections provide methods for adding, removing, and accessing elements.

SQL injection is a type of cyber attack where malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field to manipulate the database.

• SQL injection attacks exploit vulnerabilities in web applications that do not properly validate user input.

• Attackers can use SQL injection to steal sensitive data, modify or delete data, or even take control of the entire database.

• Preventing SQL injection involves using parameterized querie...read more

Security in REST API can be handled by implementing authentication, authorization, encryption, and input validation.

• Implement authentication using tokens or OAuth2

• Implement authorization by defining roles and permissions

• Encrypt sensitive data using SSL/TLS

• Validate input data to prevent injection attacks

• Implement rate limiting to prevent DDoS attacks

SOAP is a protocol for exchanging structured information in the implementation of web services. REST is an architectural style for building web services.

• SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol

• SOAP uses XML for message exchange

• SOAP requires more bandwidth and processing power than REST

• REST uses HTTP for communication

• REST is more flexible and scalable than SOAP

• RESTful APIs are easier to implement and maintain than

Table data can be retrieved in store procedures using SELECT statement.

• Use SELECT statement to retrieve data from table in store procedures.

• Specify the table name and columns to retrieve data from.

• Use WHERE clause to filter data based on conditions.

• Use ORDER BY clause to sort data based on column values.

An index in a table is a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations.

• Indexes are created on one or more columns of a table.

• They allow for faster searching and sorting of data.

• Indexes can be unique or non-unique.

• Examples of indexes include primary keys, foreign keys, and clustered indexes.

Adding index on all columns in a table can slow down write operations and increase storage space.

• Adding index on all columns can increase the storage space required for the table.

• It can also slow down write operations as the index needs to be updated for every write operation.

• It may improve read performance for queries that use all columns in the table.

• It is generally not recommended to add index on all columns in a ta

A trigger is a piece of code that automatically executes in response to a specific event or change in a system.

• Triggers are commonly used in databases to automatically perform actions when certain data is inserted, updated, or deleted.

• Triggers can be used to enforce business rules, validate data, or perform complex calculations.

• Examples of triggers include sending an email notification when a new record is added to a d...read more

Stored procedures are precompiled and can return multiple result sets, while functions are not precompiled and can only return a single value.

• Stored procedures are used to perform a set of operations and can return multiple result sets.

• Functions are used to perform a single operation and can only return a single value.

• Stored procedures are precompiled and stored in the database, while functions are compiled at runtime.

• ...read more

Action filter is a feature in ASP.NET MVC that allows you to execute code before or after an action method is executed.

• Action filters are attributes that can be applied to controller actions or globally to all actions in the application.

• They can be used for authentication, caching, logging, exception handling, and more.

• Examples of action filters include AuthorizeAttribute, OutputCacheAttribute, HandleErrorAttribute, an

Sequence of filters in software development

• Define the problem and requirements

• Choose appropriate filters based on the problem

• Implement and test the filters in sequence

• Refine and optimize the filters as needed