AT&S Junior Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Questions about memory segments and compiler optimisations
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Q2. Question about controller architecture
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Q1. Question about memory allocation of variables from a code snippet
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Q1. As infineon is Produc based company and Every Person Responsible for complete Chip Testing instead on 1 specific Block. so Interview Asked Basic Tests like continuity, DPS short , Vil/Vih , Voh/Vih , Lekag...read more
Ans. Above all the Topics prepare clearly
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Q2. Basics of Tester Hardwares and why you join in INFIN ? Why want to Change the company ? Why should we we hire ? Tell me about any challenges faced in previous organisation and Work status ? Any protocol...read more
Ans. These are Main topics you should good before going to attend the interview
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Q1. Same as Previous Round but did by Manager in deep level on Basics and work
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Q1. General Discussion about Works did in previous organisation and Basics
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Q1. General Discussion and Salary Negotiation
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Easy questions were there in round 10 . . . . . . .

Q1. Easy questions. . . . . . . . .
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Q2. Everything from fundamentals.....
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Practice on hackerrank, they send hackerrank link for screening round.

Q1. C, os, embedded questions
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Q1. C, data structures,os
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Q1. Previous jobs, salary discussion, relocation
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Q1. Find the length of longest common subsequence in given strings.
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The length of the longest common subsequence in given strings is found using dynamic programming.
• Use dynamic programming to find the length of the longest common subsequence.

• Compare characters of the strings and build a matrix to store the lengths of common subsequences.

• Traverse the matrix to find the length of the longest common subsequence.
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Q2. A basic DFS based graph question.
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Write the algorithm for topological sorting.

Q1. Basic system design questions.
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Q2. Explain CAP theorem.
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CAP theorem states that in a distributed system, it is impossible to simultaneously guarantee consistency, availability, and partition tolerance.
• Consistency: All nodes in the system have the same data at the same time.

• Availability: Every request gets a response, even if some nodes are down.

• Partition Tolerance: The system continues to operate despite network partitions.

• In a distributed system, you can only achieve two o...read more
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Q1. Explain your previous projects .
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Q1. What is VLSI design cycle ?
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VLSI design cycle is the process of creating integrated circuits by going through various stages from design to fabrication.
• VLSI design cycle involves stages like specification, design, verification, synthesis, and fabrication.

• It starts with defining the requirements and specifications of the integrated circuit.

• Design phase includes logic design, circuit design, and physical design.

• Verification ensures that the design ...read more
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Q2. FIFO Pipeline depth calculation
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Q1. Verilog code debug question
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Q1. Function to write data to some memory location which can dynamically allocate memory and return the address details where data is present .
Ans. 
Function to dynamically allocate memory and write data to a memory location, returning the address details.
• Use malloc() or calloc() to dynamically allocate memory

• Use memcpy() or strcpy() to write data to the allocated memory

• Return the address details where data is present
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Q2. Memory Management and mapping in different scenarios.
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Memory management involves allocating and deallocating memory efficiently, while mapping involves associating memory addresses with physical locations.
• Memory management is crucial for optimizing performance and preventing memory leaks.

• Mapping involves translating virtual memory addresses to physical memory locations.

• Different scenarios may require different memory management strategies, such as stack allocation vs heap...read more
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Q3. Program to find length of bits assigned in memory using recursion.
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Program to find length of bits assigned in memory using recursion.
• Define a recursive function to count the bits in memory

• Base case: if input is 0, return 0

• Recursive case: return 1 + function(input / 2)
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Q1. Volatile usage w.r.t to gpio initialization, how volatile can help in overwriting compiler optimization.
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Volatile keyword prevents compiler optimization by telling the compiler that the variable's value can change unexpectedly.
• Volatile keyword is used to indicate that a variable may be changed unexpectedly, such as in the case of hardware registers.

• When initializing GPIO pins, using volatile keyword ensures that the compiler does not optimize away the initialization code.

• Without volatile keyword, the compiler may optimize...read more
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Q2. Union usage for bit assignments.
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Unions in C/C++ can be used for bit assignments by allowing multiple variables to share the same memory location.
• Unions allow different data types to be stored in the same memory location, which can be useful for bit manipulation.

• By defining a union with multiple variables of different data types, you can access the same memory location using different variable names.

• For example, you can use a union to access individua...read more
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Q3. Explain static const usage with an example .
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static const is used to declare constants that are known at compile time and cannot be modified
• static const int MAX_SIZE = 100; // declaring a constant integer

• static const double PI = 3.14159; // declaring a constant double

• static const char* MESSAGE = "Hello, World!"; // declaring a constant string
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Q4. Program to find the sum of all the digital in the number .
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Program to find the sum of all the digits in a number.
• Iterate through each digit in the number and add them together.

• Convert the number to a string to easily access each digit.

• Use modulo operator to extract each digit from the number.

• Handle negative numbers by taking the absolute value before processing.
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Q5. Create a linkedlist check if list is circular if not then reverse it .
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Check if a linked list is circular, if not reverse it.
• Create two pointers, one moving at double the speed of the other to detect a cycle

• If a cycle is detected, the list is circular. If not, reverse the list by changing the pointers' directions
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Q1. Define Architecture to process real-time data .
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Architecture to process real-time data involves designing systems that can efficiently collect, process, and analyze data in real-time.
• Utilize distributed systems to handle high volumes of data in real-time

• Implement stream processing frameworks like Apache Kafka or Apache Flink

• Use microservices architecture for scalability and flexibility

• Employ in-memory databases for fast data retrieval

• Ensure fault tolerance and data
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Q2. Various data filtering techniques.
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Various data filtering techniques include sorting, grouping, aggregating, and applying filters based on specific criteria.
• Sorting: arranging data in a specific order, such as ascending or descending

• Grouping: categorizing data into distinct groups based on common attributes

• Aggregating: combining multiple data points into a single value, such as summing or averaging

• Filtering: selecting only the data that meets certain cr
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Q3. Mock code to initialize gpio using hal functions as well as write a function to set and clear gpio status .
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Initialize and control GPIO using HAL functions in embedded systems.
• Use HAL_GPIO_Init() function to initialize GPIO pins

• Use HAL_GPIO_WritePin() function to set or clear GPIO status

• Example: HAL_GPIO_Init(&GPIO_InitStruct)

• Example: HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOx, GPIO_PIN_x, GPIO_PIN_SET)
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Q4. Structure which can take input as 0 or 1 , based on the input traverse the linkedlist and return the decimal equivalent of the traversed data .
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Traverse a linked list based on input 0 or 1 to return decimal equivalent.
• Create a function that takes input 0 or 1 and traverses the linked list accordingly.

• For each node in the linked list, multiply the current decimal value by 2 and add the data of the node if input is 1.

• Return the final decimal value after traversing the linked list.
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