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Param Renewable Energy Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 5 Feb 2024
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Q1. How to evaluate regression models? explain r squared and adjusted r squared and difference between them

Ans.

Regression models can be evaluated using R squared and adjusted R squared to measure the goodness of fit.

  • R squared measures the proportion of the variance in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent variables.

  • Adjusted R squared adjusts for the number of predictors in the model, providing a more accurate measure of goodness of fit.

  • R squared can be artificially inflated by adding more predictors, while adjusted R squared penalizes for adding unnecessary v...read more

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Q2. bagging and boosting and their difference, what is ensemble models, how to handle overfitting, explain precision recall roc curve

Ans.

Explanation of bagging, boosting, ensemble models, handling overfitting, and precision-recall-ROC curve.

  • Bagging (Bootstrap Aggregating) involves training multiple models on different subsets of the training data and combining their predictions through averaging or voting.

  • Boosting involves training multiple models sequentially, with each model correcting the errors of its predecessor.

  • Ensemble models combine multiple individual models to improve overall performance and generali...read more

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Q3. Explain working of decision trees, how to select parent and child nodes, gini impurity, etc?

Ans.

Decision trees are a popular machine learning algorithm used for classification and regression tasks.

  • Decision trees are a flowchart-like structure where each internal node represents a feature or attribute, each branch represents a decision rule, and each leaf node represents the outcome.

  • To select parent and child nodes, the algorithm calculates the best split at each node based on criteria like Gini impurity or information gain.

  • Gini impurity is a measure of how often a rando...read more

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Q4. What does correlation mean? what is the interpretation if the correlation is 0?

Ans.

Correlation measures the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables. A correlation of 0 indicates no linear relationship.

  • Correlation measures the degree to which two variables move in relation to each other. It ranges from -1 to 1.

  • A correlation of 0 means there is no linear relationship between the variables. They are not related in a linear fashion.

  • For example, if the correlation between hours of study and exam scores is 0, it means there is no linear rel...read more

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Q5. create dictionary in python from 2 list and key values, sql query for window functions-Rank(), all joins in sql

Ans.

Creating dictionary in Python from 2 lists, using window functions and joins in SQL

  • To create a dictionary in Python from 2 lists and key values, you can use the zip() function

  • Example: dict(zip(keys_list, values_list))

  • For SQL window functions like Rank(), you can use the OVER() clause

  • Example: SELECT column1, column2, RANK() OVER(ORDER BY column3) AS rank_column FROM table_name

  • For SQL joins, you can use INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, or FULL JOIN depending on the requiremen...read more

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Q6. Explain regularization techniques, difference between ridge and lasso?

Ans.

Regularization techniques help prevent overfitting in machine learning models. Ridge regression adds L2 regularization, while Lasso regression adds L1 regularization.

  • Regularization techniques help prevent overfitting by adding a penalty term to the loss function.

  • Ridge regression adds the squared magnitude of coefficients as penalty term (L2 regularization).

  • Lasso regression adds the absolute magnitude of coefficients as penalty term (L1 regularization).

  • Ridge regression tends t...read more

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