30+ Junior Engineer Electrical Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Generator produces direct current while alternator produces alternating current. Different cables used for transmission include coaxial, twisted pair, and fiber optic cables.

• Generator produces direct current (DC) while alternator produces alternating current (AC)

• Generator uses slip rings and brushes for transmission while alternator uses a commutator

• Different cables used for transmission include coaxial, twisted pair, and fiber optic cables

Ideal transformer is theoretical with no losses, while practical transformer has losses due to resistance, leakage flux, etc.

• Ideal transformer has no losses, while practical transformer has losses due to resistance, leakage flux, hysteresis, and eddy currents

• Ideal transformer has infinite efficiency, while practical transformer has efficiency less than 100%

• Ideal transformer has no voltage drop, while practical transformer has voltage drop due to resistance

• Ideal transformer ha...read more

Thyristor speed control offers precise control, energy efficiency, and reduced maintenance costs.

• Precise control of motor speed

• Improved energy efficiency by reducing power wastage

• Reduced maintenance costs due to less wear and tear on motor components

• Smooth acceleration and deceleration of motors

• Ability to control large motors with ease

I have experience in building power transmission systems.

• I have built power transmission systems in my previous job.

• I have worked on projects involving power transmission systems.

• I am familiar with the process of building power transmission systems.

• I have knowledge of the equipment and materials required for power transmission systems.

• I have experience in designing power transmission systems for different environments.

Transformers are rated in kVA because it takes into account both active power (KW) and reactive power (KVAR). Transformer losses include copper losses and iron losses.

• Transformers are rated in kVA because they handle both active power (KW) and reactive power (KVAR).

• kVA rating considers the total power (apparent power) that the transformer can handle, including the power needed for magnetizing the core.

• Transformer losses include copper losses (I²R losses) and iron losses (eddy...read more

Communications through power lines occur using a technology called Power Line Communication (PLC).

• Power Line Communication (PLC) is a technology that allows data to be transmitted over existing power lines.

• PLC uses the frequency range of the power lines to carry data signals.

• Modulation techniques are used to encode the data onto the power line signals.

• PLC can be used for various applications such as smart grid systems, home automation, and broadband internet access.

• Examples o...read more

Network theorems and types of towers used in transmission and distribution lines are important concepts in electrical engineering.

• Network theorems include Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, and Superposition theorem.

• Types of towers used in transmission and distribution lines include suspension towers, tension towers, and dead-end towers.

• Suspension towers are used for long spans, tension towers for shorter spans, and dead-end towers for the end of a line.

• The choice of tower...read more

A current transformer is a type of instrument transformer used to measure alternating current.

• Used to step down high currents to a lower, more manageable level for measurement

• Consists of a primary winding and a secondary winding

• Secondary winding is connected to measuring instruments or protective relays

• Provides accurate current measurement without affecting the main circuit

Electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor.

• Electricity is a form of energy that powers most of our modern devices.

• It is generated by various sources such as coal, wind, solar, and hydro power.

• Electricity can be stored in batteries and used later.

• It can be dangerous if not handled properly and can cause electric shocks or fires.

• Electricity is measured in units of volts, amps, and watts.

A potential transformer is a type of instrument transformer used to step down high voltage to a lower, safer voltage for measurement or control purposes.

• Used to step down high voltage to a lower voltage for measurement or control purposes

• Provides accurate voltage measurements for meters and relays

• Commonly used in power systems for protection and metering applications

The amount of current that the human body can withstand varies depending on various factors.

• The resistance of the human body plays a significant role in determining the amount of current it can withstand.

• Dry skin has higher resistance compared to wet or broken skin, making it more resistant to electric shock.

• The path of the current through the body also affects the severity of the shock.

• The duration of exposure to the current is another important factor.

• The frequency of the c...read more

Current is the flow of electric charge in a circuit.

• Current is measured in Amperes (A).

• It is the rate of flow of electric charge past a point in a circuit.

• Current can be either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC).

• Examples: A light bulb draws current from a power source to produce light. A fan motor requires current to spin.

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.

• Consists of two coils of wire (primary and secondary) wrapped around a core

• Primary coil receives electrical energy and creates a magnetic field

• Magnetic field induces a voltage in the secondary coil, transferring energy

• Used to step up or step down voltage in power distribution systems

Turn ratio is the ratio of the number of turns in the primary winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding of a transformer.

• Turn ratio determines the voltage transformation ratio in a transformer.

• It is calculated by dividing the number of turns in the primary winding by the number of turns in the secondary winding.

• For example, if a transformer has 100 turns in the primary winding and 200 turns in the secondary winding, the turn ratio would be 1:2.

Voltage is the difference in electric potential between two points in a circuit, measured in volts.

• Voltage is the force that pushes electric current through a circuit.

• It is measured in volts (V).

• Higher voltage means more potential energy for electrons to flow.

• Voltage can be compared to water pressure in a pipe - higher pressure (voltage) means faster flow (current).

Awareness of power plant layout and excitation system is essential for a junior electrical engineer.

• Power plant layout includes the arrangement of equipment, generators, transformers, and switchgear.

• Excitation system is responsible for providing the necessary field current to the generator for producing electricity.

• Knowledge of power plant layout and excitation system helps in identifying and troubleshooting electrical faults.

• Understanding the layout and system also helps in ...read more

Motors operate based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.

• Motors work by creating a magnetic field through the flow of current in a coil of wire.

• This magnetic field interacts with a permanent magnet or another magnetic field, causing the coil to rotate.

• The rotation of the coil is then used to drive mechanical systems, such as fans, pumps, or conveyor belts.

• Different types of motors include DC motors, AC motors, and...read more

Industrial automation involves the use of control systems such as robots and computers to handle different processes and machinery in an industrial setting.

• Industrial automation helps improve efficiency and productivity by reducing human intervention in repetitive tasks.

• It involves the use of sensors, actuators, and controllers to monitor and control various processes.

• Examples of industrial automation include automated assembly lines, robotic welding, and automated packaging ...read more

Capacitance is the ability of a system to store an electric charge.

• Capacitance is measured in farads (F).

• It is the ability of a capacitor to store energy in an electric field.

• Capacitance depends on the geometry of the capacitor and the dielectric material between the plates.

• Capacitance is calculated as C = Q/V, where C is capacitance, Q is charge, and V is voltage.

Inductance is the property of an electrical circuit that opposes changes in current flow.

• Inductance is measured in Henrys (H)

• It is caused by the magnetic field generated when current flows through a conductor

• Inductors are components that are designed to have a specific inductance value

• Inductance is used in circuits to store energy in the form of a magnetic field

PLC stands for Programmable Logic Controller, used in industrial automation to control machinery and processes.

• PLC is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes.

• It uses a programmable memory to store instructions and specific functions.

• PLCs are commonly used in manufacturing plants, assembly lines, and robotic devices.

• They can be programmed using ladder logic, function block diagrams, or structured text.

• PLCs help in controlling inputs and outputs to...read more

Extruders are machines that melt and shape plastic or rubber into various forms.

• Extruders use a screw mechanism to push the material through a heated barrel, melting it along the way.

• The melted material is then forced through a die, which shapes it into the desired form.

• Extruders are commonly used in the production of plastic pipes, sheets, and films.

• Star delta starter is a type of motor starter used to reduce the starting current of a motor.

• It works by initially connecting t...read more

Types of transformers include step-up, step-down, isolation, autotransformer, and instrument transformer.

• Step-up transformer increases voltage

• Step-down transformer decreases voltage

• Isolation transformer provides electrical isolation between primary and secondary windings

• Autotransformer has a single winding with multiple taps

• Instrument transformer is used for measuring current or voltage in high voltage circuits

Losses in transformer are of two types - copper losses and iron losses.

• Copper losses occur due to the resistance of the winding and are also known as I²R losses.

• Iron losses occur due to the alternating magnetization and demagnetization of the core and are also known as hysteresis and eddy current losses.

• Total losses in a transformer are the sum of copper losses and iron losses.

• Efficiency of a transformer is the ratio of output power to input power and is affected by losses.

Yes, I am familiar with AutoCAD.

• I have experience using AutoCAD for electrical design and drafting.

• I am proficient in creating and modifying electrical schematics and layouts using AutoCAD.

• I have used AutoCAD to generate 2D and 3D models of electrical components and systems.

• I am familiar with AutoCAD's tools and commands specific to electrical engineering.

• I have successfully completed projects using AutoCAD in my previous roles.

Cables are used to transmit electrical signals or power between devices.

• Cables are made up of conductive materials, such as copper or aluminum.

• They come in various types, including coaxial, twisted pair, and fiber optic cables.

• Cables are used in a wide range of applications, such as telecommunications, computer networking, and power distribution.

• They can be categorized based on their voltage rating, insulation material, and shielding.

• Examples of cables include HDMI cables, Et...read more

The Betz limit is the maximum amount of energy that can be extracted from a wind turbine, which is 59.3% of the total kinetic energy of the wind.

• The Betz limit was derived by German physicist Albert Betz in 1919.

• It states that no wind turbine can capture more than 59.3% of the kinetic energy in the wind.

• This limit is based on the conservation of mass and momentum principles.

• The Betz limit is important in wind energy engineering to determine the maximum efficiency of wind turb...read more

Dampers are used to control airflow and regulate temperature in HVAC systems.

• Dampers are used in HVAC systems to control the flow of air and regulate temperature.

• They can be manually or automatically operated.

• They can be used to isolate areas of a building for fire safety purposes.

• Dampers can also be used in industrial settings to control the flow of gases.

• Examples of dampers include butterfly dampers, louver dampers, and guillotine dampers.

My current salary is competitive for a junior engineer position in the electrical field.

• My current salary is in line with industry standards for junior engineers in the electrical field.

• I am satisfied with my current salary and feel it reflects my skills and experience.

• I have received positive feedback on my performance which may have contributed to salary increases.

• I am open to discussing salary expectations for a new role based on the responsibilities and opportunities it o...read more