What is Indexing in database

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Indexing is a technique used to improve the performance of database queries by creating a data structure that allows for faster data retrieval.

Indexing involves creating a separate data structure that contains a subset of the data in the database, organized in a way that makes it easier to search and retrieve.
Indexes can be created on one or more columns in a table, and can be either clustered or non-clustered.
Clustered indexes determine the physical order of data in a table, while non-clustered indexes create a separate data structure that points to the location of the data.
Indexes can improve query performance by reducing the amount of data that needs to be scanned, and by allowing the database to use more efficient algorithms for searching and sorting data.
However, indexes also have some downsides, including increased storage requirements and slower data modification operations.
Examples of indexing techniques include B-tree indexes, hash indexes, and bitmap indexes.

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