Switch: A switch is used to provide additional port, ex-panding the capability of the router. A network switch learns the association between the MAC addresses of connected devices and its switched ports. Router: When connecting more than one device to a modem, a router is generally required. A router acts as the "traffic director" of a network. Modem: A modem is often provided by ISP which enables a network access to the internet. In some cases ISPs provide "hybrid" modem/router combination, this device might be power efficient to some extent.

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A switch expands the number of ports on a network, a router directs traffic, and a modem provides internet access.

Switches learn MAC addresses to direct traffic efficiently
Routers manage traffic between devices on a network
Modems connect a network to the internet
Some ISPs provide hybrid modem/router devices