Unified Infotech Interview Questions and Answers

Time complexity of loops like forEach, map etc is O(n) where n is the number of elements in the array.

• Time complexity of forEach, map, filter, and reduce functions in JavaScript is O(n) where n is the number of elements in the array.

• These functions iterate through each element in the array once, resulting in a linear time complexity.

• For example, if an array has 10 elements, the time complexity of forEach, map, filter, ...read more

Reverse routing in Laravel is the process of generating URLs based on route names.

• Reverse routing helps in generating URLs dynamically without hardcoding them in the application.

• It allows developers to easily change the URL structure without affecting the codebase.

• Example: route('profile') will generate the URL for the 'profile' route.

• Example: route('user.show', ['id' => 1]) will generate the URL for the 'user.show'...read more

Laravel prevents SQL Injection by using parameter binding and prepared statements.

• Laravel uses parameter binding to automatically sanitize user input before executing SQL queries.

• Prepared statements are used to separate SQL code from user input, preventing malicious SQL injection attacks.

• Eloquent ORM in Laravel also helps prevent SQL injection by automatically escaping input values.

Improving QA processes enhances product quality and efficiency, while a QA lead ensures team alignment and strategic direction.

• Implement automated testing to reduce manual effort and increase test coverage, e.g., using Selenium for web applications.

• Establish clear communication channels between QA and development teams to facilitate early bug detection, such as daily stand-ups.

• Adopt a risk-based testing approach to pri...read more

Key metrics provide insights into project quality, progress, and team performance, ensuring timely delivery and stakeholder satisfaction.

• Defect Density: Measures the number of defects per unit size (e.g., per 1,000 lines of code) to assess code quality.

• Test Coverage: Indicates the percentage of code tested by automated tests, helping identify untested areas.

• Test Pass Rate: The ratio of passed tests to total tests run, ...read more

An interface in Laravel defines a contract for classes, ensuring they implement specific methods without dictating how they do so.

• Interfaces allow for polymorphism, enabling different classes to be treated as the same type.

• They promote code reusability and separation of concerns.

• Example: An interface 'PaymentGateway' can be implemented by 'StripeGateway' and 'PayPalGateway' classes.

• Using interfaces makes unit testing e...read more

The Laravel request cycle processes incoming requests, routing them, handling middleware, and returning responses.

• 1. Request Initialization: The cycle begins when a request is made to the application, typically via a web server.

• 2. HTTP Kernel: The request is passed to the HTTP kernel, which handles the request lifecycle.

• 3. Middleware: The request goes through middleware, which can modify the request or perform actions ...read more