ES6 features Shallow cloning and deep cloning How to deep clone nested objects? Hoisting JS execution cycle - call stack, event loop and callbacks

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ES6 features, shallow and deep cloning, hoisting, JS execution cycle.

ES6 features include arrow functions, template literals, let and const, destructuring, spread and rest operators, etc.
Shallow cloning creates a new object with the same properties as the original object. Deep cloning creates a new object with all nested objects also cloned.
To deep clone nested objects, use a recursive function or a library like lodash.
Hoisting is the behavior of moving variable and function declarations to the top of their scope.
JS execution cycle includes the call stack, event loop, and callbacks. The call stack is where functions are executed. The event loop checks for events and executes their callbacks.

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